As covered in our first article in this series, there has been a worrying trend towards greater prevalence of autoimmune diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis (eczema), and psoriasis. These diseases arise when the body’s immune system is unable to discern invaders from the self and it starts attacking the body’s own cells. In the previous article we presented evidence to autism is an immune system disorder. Therefore, it is important to understand what is causing this dramatic rise in immune system dysfunction/autoimmunity and what we can do about it.
One idea proposed to explain why our immune systems are increasingly dysfunctional is the hygiene hypothesis. The hygiene hypothesis states that too much cleanliness and the lack of exposure to pathogens is impairing the development and function of the immune system. There is a clear inverse correlation when the trends of infectious diseases are compared against the increasing trends of autoimmune diseases. However, correlation does not always equate with causation so we must delve deeper into the cause of the autoimmune and allergic disease to see if this trend can be explained immunologically.
Adapted from JF Bach, The Effect of Infections on Susceptibility to Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - New England Journal of Medicine, 200216
To prove the hygiene hypothesis with human clinical trials would be unethical. However, there are animal studies that have demonstrated animals raised in a sterile environment have more autoimmune diseases than their normal counterparts. In nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, sterile living environments increased the incidence of diabetes from 40 percent to 80 percent.2
Diabetes is prevented in NOD mice by infecting the young mice with various pathogens such as mycobacteria3, murine hepatitis virus4, lactate dehydrogenase virus5, or schistosoma7 and filariae8 worms. Interestingly, treatment with killed bacteria (complete Freund’s adjuvant)9 or bacterial extracts (streptococci10 or klebsiellae14) offered similar degree of protection against diabetes in NOD mice.
Bacterial Lysate
Similarly, in humans, exposure to antigens and pathogens can elicit benefits as well. A meta study that analyzed data from 19 studies showed that children given bacterial lysate, or broken up and dead bacteria, had 22-24% improvement in allergy and asthma symptoms.1 Immune cells called T-cells can differentiate into Th1 or Th2 subtypes. It is thought that exposing the immune system to bacteria through the gut can help the immune system develop and better differentiate between self and non-self cells. Allergic responses are associated with the Th2 subtypes and in the bacterial lysate treated group, Th1 levels were increased. As expected, not many adverse reactions occurred from treatment with bacterial lysate.
While Th2 cells are associated with allergies such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, a Th1 cell response is associated with autoimmune diseases (i.e. Diabetes Type 1, rheumatoid arthritis). However, it does not appear to be beneficial to solely shift the T helper cell response to either Th1 or Th2. Helper T cells are regulated by Treg cells. Indeed, the T cell profile in autistic spectrum disorder has increases in both Th1 and Th2 and lower Treg levels, with disease severity correlated with lower Teff/Treg levels6.
Natural Infections and Antibiotic Use
The immune system requires stimulation and exposure to pathogens to develop normally and reduce allergic/autoimmune diseases. Childhood infection with varicella zoster virus, or chicken pox, has been found to lower the risk of developing atopic dermatitis by 45% later in life11. Early respiratory infections acquired before 6 months of age reduced the risk of developing atopic dermatitis later in life by 49%12. Furthermore, repeated antibiotic use in childhood has been associated with a 12% increase in asthma diagnosis later in life after adjusting for confounding variables13. Antibiotic use tends to disrupt the normal gut flora as many are broad-spectrum and do not specifically target pathogens. For this reason, we recommend probiotic use after antibiotic use.
Does this mean that children should be exposed to all pathogens? Not necessarily, as certain infectious agents can trigger allergic or autoimmune diseases. Does it mean that we should be less obsessed about sanitation and cleanliness? Perhaps. There are some things to keep in mind to help develop a healthy immune system.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is one of the most important vitamins for proper immune function. Autoimmune diseases are correlated with lower vitamin D levels. One recent study in the British Medical Journal found that daily supplementation with Vitamin D for 5 years (with or without omega-3 oil) reduced autoimmune diseases by 22%.
Furthermore, there is a relationship between the risk of autoimmune diseases and the longitude at which a person resides. The further away a person is from the equator, the greater the risk of autoimmune disease. Since the amount of vitamin D a person gets is correlated to the amount of sunlight they receive, it is thought that people closer the poles that receive less sunlight have a higher risk of autoimmune disease.
Adapted from Kurtkzke23, Green and Patterson24
Probiotics
Probiotics are known good bacteria that interact with the immune system. The gut makes up much of the immune system through the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) and is where most of the immune system is exposed to microbial life. It would make sense that the immune system can be modulated through changes in the gut microflora. Several studies have noted that probiotic supplementation can increase the number of Treg cells that inhibit autoimmunity17-19.
Changing timing/amount of vaccinations
Vaccines can be thought of as “target practice” for the immune system. The best vaccines are live attenuated or weakened versions of actual pathogens. These mimic the pathogen well and provide great training for the immune system. These include varicella and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines. Usually, however, vaccines contain dead parts or bits of a pathogen along with an immunostimulatory component such as aluminum adjuvant to provoke the immune system to mount a response to the foreign antigen.
Recent studies that aluminum adjuvant exposure results in a dose-dependent increased risk in asthma20. This means that the more aluminum adjuvant a child received from vaccinations, the greater the risk of developing asthma. Other studies have found that delaying the DTAP vaccine reduced the risk of developing eczema or atopic dermatitis. This was found to be true across two large populations and continents, in Australia21 and Denmark22. The Australian population was found to have a 43% lower chance of developing atopic dermatitis if DTAP vaccination was delayed by a month.
While there is no doubt that vaccines have been beneficial for humanity, not enough research has gone into the long-term effects and ancillary effects of vaccines on the immune system. Some have proposed that “hyper-vaccination” is resulting in immune dysfunction/dysregulation in children. For more information on this topic, we recommend the book “Vaccine Friendly Plan” by Dr. Paul Thomas, M.D. to come up with a reasonable immunization plan for your young child.
In conclusion, there are a number of things you can change about your lifestyle and nutrition to help lower the chances of developing an immune disorder. We recommend the regular consumption of probiotics, vitamin D, and a balanced approach to infectious diseases that weighs the risks and benefits.
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We currently live in one of the most prosperous eras in human history. However, the incidence of autism has skyrocketed from 1 in 1000 children in the 1990s to 1 in 54 children in the 2020s. What has changed? The increase in surveillance for autism alone does not explain why a previously rare disorder that has skyrocketed in prevalence.
Another disease that has skyrocketed in prevalence are autoimmune disorders such as allergies, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. While the two are correlated, correlation does not always equal causation until we look at the underlying factors for both diseases.
Autoimmunity happens when the body’s immune system does not recognize the body’s own cells as being “self” or “on the same team.” The immune system then starts mounting an attack against parts of the body thinking that these parts are “non-self.” If it attacks the skin it can be psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, or one of many several autoimmune skin diseases. If it attacks the joints it can be rheumatoid arthritis, etc. There are hints that autism is caused by an overactive immune system that attacks the body’s own central nervous system.
To understand why autism is happening to children much more frequently, it may be helpful to look at disease states that dramatically increase the risk of autism. Children with Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, or MCAS, have a normal number of mast cells but they are functionally overactive.
Mast cells have an important role in the immune system. They are a part of the immune system that defends against allergens and parasites such as worms. They may also play a role in wound healing. When they are activated, they degranulate and release chemical mediators that cause inflammation and irritation.
MCAS results in systemic release of those chemical mediators, which can end up in the central nervous system and cause symptoms such as brain fog, headache, fatigue/lethargy, lack of concentration, mild cognitive problems, and sleep disturbances.2 Because these cytokines and inflammatory markers can affect the brain, 1/10 children with MCAS develop autism compared to 1/100 children without MCAS.1
Several other studies support an autoimmune cause of autism. There appears to be a genetic component to the disease. The risk of developing autism increases if the parents or family of a child has an autoimmune diseases. Family history of hypothyroidism was associated with a 64% increase, type 1 diabetes a 49% increase, rheumatoid arthritis a 51% increase, and psoriasis a 59% increase3.
Children with ASD also tend to have higher rates of autoimmune diseases. One study analyzing patient data in Taiwan found that children with ASD had a 74% increase in risk of asthma, 70% increase for allergic rhinitis, 52% increase for atopic dermatitis (AD), a 46% increase risk for Crohn’s disease, and surprisingly, a 400% increase in diabetes type 1.4 Many other studies attempted to replicate the type 1 diabetes statistic.
A study by Kaiser Permanente did not find an increase in risk of type 1 diabetes in ASD children but did find similar increases in allergic rhinitis (30%), food allergies (62% higher chance) and amazingly, a 135% higher chance of psoriasis in children with ASD.5 There is a high correlation between psoriasis and ASD. Because the central nervous system and skin are derived from the same embryonic cell layer, the ectoderm, it would make sense that there is a link between the two.
Other skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, a disease marked by increased water loss through the skin and itchy, red, irritated skin, is also associated with autistic spectrum disorders. Another study analyzing patient data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) found that the presence of any atopic disease in early childhood increased the risk of developing ADHD (risk ratio 1.97) and ASD (risk ratio 3.40) in later life.6 While the previous study found that children with ASD were 52% more likely to have AD, this study found that children with AD were 97% more likely to have ASD compared to non-AD children. Similar increases have been found comparing ASD children to their non-ASD peers.7-9 Furthermore, atopic dermatitis and other skin conditions are correlated with more severe ASD.10
With this many correlations between autism and other allergic diseases, it is time to start thinking of it as an autoimmune disorder. In our next article, we will go over things you can do to help reduce immune system overactivity.
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The latest trend in treating hair loss is using topical DHT blockers like finasteride for hair loss. Could they be helpful for fighting hair loss?
There are two ways to block DHT from causing hair loss. You can either prevent the production of DHT or block DHT itself from from interacting with hair follicles and causing hair loss. Blocking the production of DHT is accomplished by blocking the enzyme that produces DHT from testosterone. That enzyme is called 5-alpha reductase.
5-alpha reductase is usually blocked by taking medications and herbs orally but recently companies have started offering topical prescription DHT blockers such as finasteride. One meta-study1 reviewed 7 case reports, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and prospective studies. All 7 studies noted positive results for finasteride used topically. Positive results included significant decrease in the rate of hair loss, increase in total and terminal hair counts, and positive hair growth assessments.
Unfortunately, finasteride is a controlled substance that requires a prescription so it does require a doctor’s visit or e-visit. Another problems with blocking 5-alpha reductase is that it is an indirect way of blocking DHT. DHT is not just produced in the scalp but it is produced all over the body2.
A more direct topical DHT blocker is ketoconazole. Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat a variety of fungal infections like dandruff. Ketoconazole also has anti-androgenic effects. It can inhibit the interaction between DHT and DHT receptors. Instead of blocking the production of DHT, ketoconazole blocks DHT from binding to hair follicles. Ketoconazole is also available over the counter without a prescription.
A review article that examined 5 human studies and found that ketoconazole produced positive results such as being able to increase hair shaft, increase pilary index (percent anagen phase × diameter), or demonstrate clinical improvement of androgenetic alopecia based on photographic assessment and subjective evaluation.
With this information in mind, we formulated our HairOmega Shampoo with ketoconazole along with biotin and saw palmetto to help support hair growth, reduce dandruff, and block DHT. It is a gentle sulfate-free formula to reduce inflammation and irritation which can also worsen hair loss.
Works Cited
One of the most common complaints of minoxidil users is “why does it make my scalp itchy?” There are several reasons why minoxidil may cause itchy scalps.
While increased blood flow can provide more nutrients to an area of the body and increase healing, it can also be associated with redness, irritation, and warmth. While the itching associated with minoxidil may be uncomfortable, it is generally considered a sign that the product is working.
Propylene glycol is another commonly used ingredient in formulations containing minoxidil. It absorbs water and prevents freezing of minoxidil formulations. It is known to be a skin irritant and can cause allergic contact dermatitis in a small number of people.1
If you experience itching after using minoxidil, it is important to stop using the product and consult a doctor to determine if you are having an allergic reaction. Itching is generally a minor side effect of minoxidil, and it should subside within a few days of use. It could also be a sign that the product is working If the itching persists, it is important to talk to a doctor to determine if the product is causing an allergic reaction or if there is another underlying cause of the itching.
For these reasons we have chosen to formulate HairOmega Serum (both the foaming as well as the dropper formulations) with a lower percentage of minoxidil (2 vs 5%) and to use a water-based formulation free of alcohol and propylene glycol. This product is available in our store at the following link.
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Normal levels of DHT promotes the production of facial, axillary, pubic, and body hair13 whereas excessive levels of DHT can contribute to baldness and prostate problems in men and female pattern hair loss in women. Using DHT blockers may help return your DHT levels to normal and allow your hair to regrow. Through extensive research our doctors have put together a list of the top 12 natural dht blockers. Read more to learn how these dht blockers work.
Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) is a small palm tree native to Florida and other areas of the southeastern United States. Today, saw palmetto is one of the most popular and best herbal DHT blockers in the country and is available in many forms including powders and extracts. The most potent form of saw palmetto is the extract which means that the active ingredient in saw palmetto has been concentrated.
Saw palmetto is thought to inhibit 5-alpha reductase in tissues from producing DHT. 4,22
Stinging nettle, which is also known as nettle root, is commonly used as an alternative treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia. In one study, male rats that had excess DHT were given components of stinging nettle root as a treatment. Because excess DHT causes prostate enlargement in males, if stinging nettle works it would reduce prostate enlargement.
Researchers measured their progress based on ratios of body weight to prostate size, levels of serum testosterone, and prostate-specific antigen levels. Results showed improvements in all categories.
Stinging nettle may work by inhibiting the 5-alpha reductase enzyme that produces DHT while maintaining levels of testosterone to reduce hair loss.5
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 76 male subjects who had varying forms of androgenetic alopecia were given a placebo or 400 milligrams of pumpkin seed oil every day for 24 weeks. Researchers evaluated their subjects throughout the clinical trial based on scalp hair count, scalp hair thickness, standardized clinical photographs, and patient self-assessment scores.
At the end of the 24-week period, those who had taken pumpkin seed oil showed higher self-rated satisfaction and improvement scores and had more hair than those who took the placebo. Those who took pumpkin seed oil also showed a 40 percent increase in average hair count, while the placebo group showed just a 10 percent increase.
Pumpkin seed oil still requires further study to determine specific mechanisms of action, but it’s understood that the oil contains phytosterols that can inhibit 5-alpha reductase to keep DHT levels in check.6
Lycopene is a pigment compound known as carotenoid. It acts as a powerful antioxidant, meaning that it can neutralize free radicals that can cause damage to cells and DNA.7
Studies show that lycopene may also help to control levels of DHT and the production of insulin-like growth factors in the epithelial cells of the prostate. This can help to improve hair growth and support prostate health.8
Lycopene can be found in:
In American diets, tomatoes are the most common lycopene-rich dht blocker food. Nearly 85 percent of lycopene comes from tomato juice, tomato paste, and other tomato products. A cup of tomato juice contains about 23 milligrams of lycopene. Processing tomatoes with heat changes lycopene’s bioavailability, allowing for easier absorption and use.
Extracted from the bark of the African cherry tree (Prunus africana), pygeum is often used as an herbal supplement to help alleviate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
In vitro studies have found that pygeum extract may help to reduce the increase of BPH by interfering with certain growth factors and their receptors. Pygeum has also been found to have anti-androgenic properties.
Similar to other natural DHT blockers, pygeum may operate by blocking 5-alpha reductase from producing excess DHT.9
Green tea is packed with a variety of vitamins and nutrients, as well as a group of water-soluble polyphenols known as catechins.10 The major polyphenol in green tea is epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG). Studies have found that EGCG is a direct androgen antagonist that can help to blunt DHT receptors and inhibit 5-alpha reductase to promote hair growth.11
Along with your scalp, green tea has been found to help just about every organ in the body. Catechins may help protect the brain, heart, and liver, prevent the buildup of fats in your arteries, and promote the health and function of your blood vessels. Green tea catechins may also help to burn fat.
Scientifically known as Trigonella foenum-graecum, fenugreek is a popular herb that has traditionally been used to help increase libido and alleviate blood sugar metabolism problems, which suggests that it may possess anti-diabetic properties.
While the herb still requires further research, early studies suggest that fenugreek may help to increase testosterone by inhibiting 5-alpha reductase, which comes with the added benefit of reducing DHT levels. The most well-known compound in fenugreek is 4-hydroxyisoleucine, which has been shown to help normalize the metabolism of glucose.12
Soy contains several compounds that may help to promote hair growth and block DHT. One study found that equol, genistein, and biochanin A were found to be potent inhibitors of 5-alpha reductase.17 All three of these compounds can be found in soy beans. Genistein can be found in lupin, kudzu, and fava beans. Equol is a product of gut bacteria in the digestion of daidzein, an isoflavone found in soy beans. Biochanin A can be found in a variety of legumes.
Studies show that both tea tree and lavender oils may offer potent DHT blocking properties. Research found that topical application of tea tree oil could effectively block DHT production.18
In a mouse study, topical application of lavender oil to mice was found to promote hair growth. Results of the study showed significant increases in the number of hair follicles, hair follicle depth, and dermal layer thickness, all of which contributed to increased hair growth.19
Ketoconazole is an anti-fungal medication commonly used to reduce dandruff. Studies suggest that it may also help to block DHT and promote hair growth. A study comparing a topical ketoconazole solution and various concentrations of minoxidil found that using ketoconazole with minoxidil stimulates hair growth more than minoxidil alone.20
The common stimulatory ingredient found in coffee may also help to promote hair growth by blocking DHT. An in vitro study found that caffeine applied topically in concentrations of 0.001% and 0.005% could stimulate hair follicle growth. While the exact mechanism of action still requires research, this effect may come from the compounds ability to block 5-AR receptors.21
Zinc is one of the essential minerals for many metabolic processes in the body. Without it, many processes vital for normal function would not proceed. In one study of men with low levels of testosterone, zinc helped to normalize hormone levels. This group of men with low testosterone levels had higher testosterone and DHT levels once they were treated zinc. The group with normal testosterone levels also had higher DHT levels after zinc supplementation.24 While it does not appear to be a DHT blocker, zinc can help with hair loss caused by low zinc levels.25
While DHT blocking food may be the most easily accessible source for natural DHT blocking compounds, you may find better success through other methods, including supplements, shampoos and conditioners, and topical serums.
There are a wide range of supplements containing DHT blocker ingredients on the market. If you're interested in a DHT blocking supplement, make sure it also has vitamins to support hair growth such as biotin. Biotin is a B vitamin that helps to convert fats, carbs, and proteins into usable energy. It can also help to maintain your skin, nails, and hair.13
1. HairOmega DHT Blocker Advanced
2. HairOmega DHT Blocker 3 in 1
Using the right shampoo and conditioner can also help to block DHT, wash away excess sebum, and support healthy hair. Make sure your shampoo is sulfate free and contains topical DHT blockers such as ketoconazole, tea tree oil, and lavender.
Shampoos should be sulfate free because sulfates are harsh and drying which can worsen hair loss.
Even if you use a sulfate free shampoo you should condition your hair after shampooing to restore moisture and reduce dryness. We recommend using a shampoo with jojoba oil as it is chemically similar to natural oils produced by the skin.
DrFormulas DHT Blocker Shampoo
There are many foods that are natural DHT blockers.
1. Vegetable foods rich in zinc contain phytosterol, which blocks DHT production and reduce areas on the scalp and hair follicles where DHT can attach itself. These foods include spinach, white mushroom, kale, etc. Foods rich in lycopene such as tomatoes, watermelons, carrots, and mangoes naturally block DHT production.Another option for using DHT blockers is to use hair growth serums that contain DHT blocking ingredients. Using a hair growth serum allows the active ingredients to get absorbed into the scalp, directly targeting hair follicles. Unlike shampoos and conditioners, topical serums are not rinsed off, which allows them to work for longer throughout the day. These topical solutions most often come in the form of serums or foaming serums.
Hair growth serums are best used after you have washed your hair with shampoo and conditioner. This ensures that you won’t wash off the active ingredients in the serum. Similar to choosing the right shampoo and conditioner, make sure you check the ingredients of your serum, and avoid DHT blocker hair growth serums that contain hormone disrupting parabens or irritation causing alcohol.
1. HairOmega DHT Blocker Serum
3. Kirkland Signature Regrowth Treatment
Practicing a healthy lifestyle can help reduce DHT levels naturally. This includes regular exercise, quit smoking, reduce stress, take time to rest, and do scalp exercises like massages to reduce tension and increase blood flow.
There are many things to consider when choosing a DHT blocker including formulation, price, and effectiveness.
1. Formulation: The main thing to keep in mind is the ingredients. Along with the active ingredients mentioned above, make sure you find a product that is formulated using all-natural ingredients. Artificial preservatives, scents, and other additives can contribute to scalp irritation, which can irritate your scalp and worsen hair loss.
DrFormulas® DHT blockers are formulated with the best and most effective ingredients to help support hair growth.
Yes, DHT blockers are used in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Androgenetic alopecia includes male and female pattern hair loss caused by excess DHT. It is important to note that there are other forms of hair loss besides androgenetic alopecia. Even the best DHT blockers will have minimal effect on hair loss not caused by excess DHT, like telogen effluvium (caused by stress and traumatic events) or alopecia areata (an autoimmune disease).4
It depends on the cause of hair loss. If the hair loss is caused by DHT then DHT blockers will help. Regularly using a hair DHT blocker can help to manage DHT levels in the scalp, which may eventually help the hair follicles return to normal function. However, if the hair follicles are damaged, scarred, closed, or have not generated a hair in years, you may not be able to regrow hair. The best natural DHT blocker ingredients will support hair regrowth or improve the health of existing hairs (even thinner hairs) if the hair follicles are healthy and intact. Keep in mind that results will vary from person to person.4
While finasteride is currently the only DHT blocker ingredient approved by the FDA for hair loss, there are a wide range of effective, natural DHT reducers to choose from. Saw palmetto is one of the most widely studied ingredients for its effects on regulating DHT levels and is a popular herbal remedy for managing prostate issues in men caused by excess DHT. The best natural DHT blocker is will combine multiple DHT blocking ingredients for better results. If you’re not sure where to start, we recommend using a product that includes several natural active ingredients that can inhibit DHT.
Natural DHT blockers are generally well-tolerated by all users. Topical DHT solutions, including shampoos and conditioners, should not present any problems as their effects are localized to the scalp. However, any product that modulates hormones can have side effects. Some DHT blockers may include common food allergens, so make sure to read the label.
Studies about the potential adverse side effects of DHT blockers remain limited, and most current studies focus primarily on the prescription DHT blocker finasteride. 1.5% of men using finasteride reported reduced libido and sexual dysfunction. Since DHT blockers modulate hormones they are not recommended for women who are pregnant or nursing. Other potential side effects of DHT blockers include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and headaches. Isolated reports in women suggest potential menstrual changes, dizziness, and acne.23 More studies are necessary to determine any potential side effects of long-term prescription DHT blocker use.
Depending on the ingredient, natural DHT blockers have side effects as well. Some side effects of natural DHT blockers such as saw palmetto include: reduced blood pressure (hypotension), nausea and indigestion, thinner blood, and increased urine production. If you experience persistent side effects from using natural DHT reducers, consult your doctor.
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Despite seeming to be unrelated, the amount of hair loss you have has an effect on how severely COVID affects you. Doctors noticed that men who tended to be bald on admission for COVID had far worse outcomes.1 It has taken more in depth research to understand how and why that is.
Researchers have found that those with androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern hair loss), have a higher chance of getting severe COVID. Persons with androgenetic alopecia have higher levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In addition to causing hair loss, DHT also causes lung cells to make more of an enzyme called transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). The virus that causes COVID-19 latches onto lung cells containing the TMPRSS2 enzyme and is activated by it.2
Unfortunately, TMPRSS2 is present in higher amounts in the cells of men. Women and children do not make the same amounts of TMPRSS2 which explains why they have lower chances of getting COVID-19. Furthermore, women and pre-pubertal children have low levels of androgen receptors that receive signals from DHT. When androgen receptors are activated, cells have greater Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity which SARS-CoV 2 also binds to.3
Does this mean that DHT blockers are helpful for hair as well as COVID? Based on a number of studies it does appear so.
One small study treated 50 men who had just been diagnosed with COVID with either placebo or the prescription DHT Blocker finasteride. Researchers found that the group that received finasteride had better oxygen saturation than the placebo group but no meaningful difference in mortality rate. This study did not find DHT blockers to be helpful if used just after catching COVID.4 However, this is due to the length of time it takes for DHT blockers to start working.
Another study went back and found that men who were already using 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor drugs reported less symptoms than men not using DHT blocking drugs.5 Unfortunately this study is subjective because it surveyed patients regarding their symptoms.
The most definitive study on this topic looked at men hospitalized for COVID-19 found that men who had taken DHT Blockers for 6 months prior to hospitalization compared to men who did not had lower rates of ICU admission. After correcting for differences in age, 8% of men taking DHT blockers were admitted to the ICU for COVID versus 47.2% of men not taking DHT Blockers.6 This is quite a substantial difference between the two groups and highlights the role of DHT in COVID.
The key takeaway from these findings is that DHT blockers may be helpful for COVID, especially if they are taken for a period of time before someone is infected by the SARS-CoV 2.
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Microneedling is the practice of introducing many small pin pricks in the scalp using a derma roller type device. The derma roller consists of a small barrel with many small needles attached to a handle. The handle is used to roll the barrel with needles across the scalp. Using microneedles can cause a small amount of bleeding. Researchers have found that microneedling stimulates growth factors in the skin that support the growth of hair.1
Does Using Derma Rollers Microneedling Stimulate Hair Growth?
A study done on mice1 found that using a derma roller on the shaved area of mice increased hair growth compared to controls. The length of the needles used on the skin made a difference in growth. These researchers found that needle lengths of 0.25mm-0.5mm worked best on mice. The mice that had the best results had derma rollers applied 10 times per day, 5 times per week for 3 weeks. Researchers used rollers on the mice but did not cause bleeding.
Animal studies sometimes do not translate to results in humans but in this case it may. One study in Indian men found that microneedling with a 1.5mm derma roller increased hair growth.2 One major difference between this study and the study in mice was that these researchers used the roller at a needle depth and pressure that caused bleeding.
Although the previous study found positive results in humans, it is important to see if those results were replicated in other studies. A recent review study that analyzed a number of other studies found that benefits to hair growth were observable after microneedling with either a derma roller, pin-type device, or Platelet-Rich Plasma injections.3 These results are promising and microneedling should not be entirely disregarded for treatment of hair loss. More studies are needed.
Should you choose to use a derma roller for your hair loss, we recommend getting it professionally done as an experienced healthcare provider will ensure that the risk of infection and harm is minimal.
Based on the published studies we would recommend the following steps should you decide to perform microneedling yourself:
Researchers in the mouse study collected blood samples from treated mice and found that the derma roller application increased expression of cellular growth signaling compounds such as Wnt3a, β-catenin, VEGF, and Wnt10b.
In addition to increasing the expression of certain growth factors, microneedling may work to increase the bioavailability of certain topical treatments. This makes sense as the inflammation and trauma to the scalp after microneedling will make it more porous to active ingredients of topical treatments like minoxidil and DHT blockers.
In conclusion, microneedling could help to increase hair loss in men and women suffering from androgenetic alopecia. Since derma roller devices are relatively inexpensive and the risks are low if no bleeding is caused, it may be worth adding microneedling with a derma roller to your skincare routine.
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]]>News reports are indicating that the common symptom of COVID is hair loss COVID causes you to lose hair because it causes a condition called telogen effluvium (TE).
Hair loss caused by COVID can be very alarming. TE causes hair to fall out all over in large clumps. It does not affect just one area of the scalp like pattern hair loss like what DHT does.
Hair follicles normally go through several different stages as they grow, stop growing, and fall out. What happens during TE is that many hair follicles transition to the telogen phase at once. When this happens as many hairs start falling out at once.
COVID causes an immense immune response. This is very stressful on the body. The stress caused by COVID causes hair follicles to switch to the telogen, or shedding phase. TE also happens after major hospitalizations, surgery, and other life events.
Another reason why COVID may cause hair loss is because of the way it is treated. Doctors are using immunosuppressants to blunt excessive immune reaction to COVID. Sometimes the immune response is worse than the disease itself so doctors use steroids to inhibit the immune response. Steroids work by inhibiting the growth of all cells, including immune cells and hair follicle cells. The use of these steroids can cause hair loss.
Thankfully, hair loss caused by COVID is a temporary issue. TE is generally self-resolving with time as hair growth cycles go back to normal. Hair loss caused by COVID cannot be treated with DHT blockers because it is not caused by DHT. Rather, simply providing your hair with nutrients involved in the production of hair is the best way to ensure your hair grows back thicker and stronger than before.
]]>If you have a C diff infection or have had a C diff infection, then you will most likely know what it is. If not please read our article on what C diff infections are.
Many medical professionals will start for C diff by prescribing the appropriate antibiotic. The antibiotic used depends on whether it is your first, second, or subsequent reinfection.
If you have had reoccurring C. diff infections, your doctor may consider a fecal microbiota transplant from a screened donor.
The good news about C diff is that researchers are making great progress in the treatment of C diff. Researchers have started to combine cultured intestinal bacteria to make probiotic pills to take for a C diff infection.
A cultured intestinal bacteria concoction 33 types of intestinal bacteria isolated from a healthy donor was able to cure C diff in two patients who failed antibiotic therapy multiple times.1 The cultured intestinal bacteria was present in 25% of the patients’ gut microbiome 6 months later.
If a fecal microbiota transplant doesn't sound appealing to you there are dietary changes you can make to help support your gut microbiome in its fight against C diff.
During a C diff infection it is difficult to consume food because of the diarrhea. We recommend a liquid diet using electrolyte-enhanced water solution to maintain hydration. Other sources of electrolytes and minerals include:
People with diarrhea should eat bland foods because spicy foods and more complex ones can irritate the gut.
Bland foods include:
Liquids are critical for recovery. People should drink plenty of water throughout the day and an additional cup of water after every loose bowl movement. Drinking lots of water helps prevent dehydration and flush toxins out of the body.
Caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and soda pop should be avoided because they contain caffeine which can worsen dehydration during C diff.
As discussed earlier, C diff is a disease that results from the disruption of natural flora and the lack of probiotics. Kefir is one of the most powerful food sources of probiotics. Compared to regular yogurts, kefir has many more probiotic strains and a higher dose of probiotics than normal yogurt.
Fecal transplant remains the only method providing lasting transplantation of probiotics into individuals with C diff. If these clinically isolated probiotics have a role in the treatment of C diff then what is the role of over-the-counter probiotics?
Probiotics come in many different strengths and strains. According to a meta study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine probiotics reduce the occurrence of C diff by 66%.2
Probiotics for C diff: The probiotic strains found to have reduce the occurrence of C diff when administered with an antibiotic include: Lactobacillus acidophilus with Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces boulardii, L. rhamnosus, and other species.
Theoretically, if one probiotic works to reduce C diff then a diverse or multi-probiotic product would work better. The data seems to reflect this as the patients that received a mixture of L. acidophilus and L. casei had a lower chance of developing C diff.
In conclusion, C diff is a debilitating disease brought about by antibiotic use. Antibiotics wipe out the normal gut microbes that normally keep C diff numbers in check. By using a combination of probiotics, the right probiotic-rich foods, and staying hydrated with an electrolyte solution you should be able to support your fight against C diff.
Read next: How Long is C diff Contagious For?
Sources:
Diarrhea is a fairly common problem for cats. There are many causes of diarrhea in cats and like in humans, some of those can be helped by taking a probiotic. We will go over what causes of diarrhea can be helped with probiotics and which ones cannot.
Medications that Disrupt Gut Flora
Probiotics are microorganisms that normally reside inside the gut and aid with digestion, immunity, and the production of certain essential vitamins. These populations of microorganisms help support normal bowel movements but can be disrupted. The most common cause of microflora disruption is the use of antibiotic medications.
Antibiotic medications commonly cause diarrhea because they wipe out existing gut microbes, allowing bad microbes to take over and cause diarrhea. It happens so often that the condition is called antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Taking probiotics can help restore normal gut flora and diarrhea in cats.
Poor Diet
Probiotic populations also change with diet. Diets rich in prebiotics and fiber help support probiotic growth. Some of the major cat food brands do not have the best combination of nutrients for probiotic growth. Over time, probiotic populations can dwindle and bowel movements can become erratic.
Infectious Diarrhea
Probiotic populations can also be overwhelmed by the appearance of a diarrhea-causing microbe. In these situations it may be helpful to supplement your cat's diet with a probiotic in an attempt to repopulate the gut microflora. The idea is to build up a diverse microbiome that can fight off bad microbes.
However, some gut pathogens are particularly persistent and may require the use of antibiotics. If this is the case then probiotics should be supplemented to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Ask your vet if your pet had developed diarrhea after eating food of questionable cleanliness.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome is a condition where the bowels become sensitive or hyperspasmodic. The causes of IBS are unknown but IBS can develop after a gut infection. It is theorized that the immune system develops an intolerance to normal gut bacteria because of their association with infectious pathogens at the time of infection.
Probiotics may help with IBS by changing the population of normal gut flora and reducing inflammation. In humans, probiotics have been shown to reduce IBS symptoms3.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's Disease or Ulcerative Colitis can also develop in cats. IBDs can be considered as an extreme case of IBS whereby the immune system actually mounts an immune response against the lining of the gut. Probiotics may be able to help the inflammation and clinical trials in humans do show benefits2.
There are many things that can cause diarrhea in cats. The causes of cat diarrhea that probiotics may not help with are1:
These causes of diarrhea require either removal of the offending cause or professional treatment with a veterinarian.
Cat probiotics come in a wide range of forms. Some of the most popular include powders, pills, infuse probiotics cat treats. If you want to give your cats probiotics, stick to the dosage recommended by a vet or on the package.
The best probiotics to administer to cats will not come in a powder or chewable form because those probiotics will be exposed to acidic stomach acid. Look for one with an enteric coating or stomach acid resistant coating.
However, if your cat does not like pills you may need to sprinkle probiotic powder on its food. Pre-dosed probiotic powders are convenient as you can sprinkle & mix them in your cat's daily food.
If your cat is experiencing diarrhea, you want to try a probiotic before going to the vet.However, if the probiotic does not help then you may want to bring your cat to the vet for a proper diagnosis and workup.
Sources:
1. http://pets.webmd.com/cats/guide/cat-diarrhea#1
2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/apt.14203
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709042/
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Many people get the occasional pimple. But when skin breaks out in more than just a zit here and there, you might have acne. Learn more about acne, its causes, and what you can do about it below.
Acne is more than just a pimple or two. Pimples are a symptom of a skin condition known as acne, which happens when pores and hair follicles get plugged with sebum, an oily substance produced by your body, and dead skin cells. Sebaceous glands beneath the skin produce sebum, which travels along the shaft of hair in the attached follicle to the surface of the skin, where the oil exits through small holes called pores. Acne often causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples that typically appear on the areas of skin with the most sebaceous, or oil, glands: the face, forehead, chest, upper back, and shoulders.
The main factors that cause acne are:
Hormones
Certain hormones are known to cause or worsen acne. For example, during puberty increasing amounts of hormones known as androgens increase sebaceous gland activity, causing them to produce more sebum (oil). Hormonal changes also occur during pregnancy and menses which affect sebum production and acne. Likewise, use of certain oral contraceptives can contribute to acne.
Diet
Interestingly, there is a relationship between diet, hormones, and acne. A hormone released after eating certain foods called IGF-1 has been found to cause acne. People who are less sensitive to IGF-1 have less acne.1 In the previous study people who weren't sensitive to IGF-1 had lower rates of acne compared to the general population. Following this line of thought, studies do suggest that meals rich in carbohydrates2 and protein3 cause IGF-1 levels which can trigger acne breakouts.
Stress
Stress aggravates acne by lowering the immune response, preventing your body from fighting against acne causing P. acnes bacteria. P. acnes plays a vital role in the formation of acne because it feeds off of sebum and produces pro-inflammatory molecules that clog pores.
Poor Hygiene
Hygiene does play a role in acne formation. Dirty skin contributes to clogged pores but excessive washing, harsh cleansing, and scrubbing too hard actually can also irritate the skin, making acne worse.
Medications
Certain medications aggravate acne such as steroids that suppress the immune system and hormonal drugs that interact with hormones such as oral contraceptives.
Knowing these causes of acne will help you understand how treatments and remedies for acne work.
Hormones
As previously discussed, androgenic hormones increase sebum production and can worsen acne. The prescription drug spironolactone is often used by dermatologists for its anti-androgenic effects on acne. This means that the drug blocks the effects of androgens.
There aren't many herbal remedies with documented anti-androgenic effects except for diindolylmethane (DIM). What's interesting about DIM is that it has both anti-estrogenic as well as anti-androgenic effects. Its anti-androgenic effects may be helpful for those suffering from acne.
One of the best things you can do to help ensure that your hormones are well balanced is to try to maintain a healthy weight. In women a condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) causes abnormal menses, acne, insulin resistance (diabetes), hirsutism and acne. For this reason it is difficult to discuss acne remedies without discussing diet.
Diet
As we mentioned earlier, carbohydrate and protein consumption contribute to spikes in IGF-1 which contributes to acne breakouts. Switching to a low-glycemic index diet will help lower IGF-1 levels. A low-glycemic index diet releases carbohydrates into the body at a slower rate compared to a normal diet. Low carbohydrate diets may also be helpful but something to keep in mind is that in those diets carbohydrates are replaced with protein which can also cause IGF-1 spikes that worsen acne.
High fat diets may also exacerbate acne if the wrong types of fats are consumed. Diets rich in omega-6 oils are pro-inflammatory and can worsen acne by making inflammation worse. Inflammation plays a central role in causing acne.
Inflammation
Avoid picking at pimples which causes trauma and irritation which may worsen resulting scars. Pimple patches can help you cover up pimples and prevent you from picking at them.
Herbal remedies for inflammation include fish oil, turmeric, and other herbs. Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fats which are not inflammatory when compared to omega-6 fats commonly found in vegetable oils. Turmeric is another well-known anti-inflammatory agent that can reduce irritation.
Have a Good Acne Skincare Routine
Having a regular skincare routine consisting of a gentle, sulfate-free face wash followed by a non-comedogenic moisturizer will help keep pores clear of debris and promote normal levels of sebum production. Products that are too drying or irritating may actually cause increased oil production as the skin tries to maintain moisture.
Knowing the different causes of acne will help you to understand how to address acne at the root cause. With changes to your diet, skincare routine, and the way you deal with the occasional acne breakout, you can have clearer, better looking skin.
Sources:
1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1743-7075-8-41
2. https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2012107
3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0026049505003422
]]>Part of reducing your fungal acne comes down to maintaining a regular skincare routine can help to control the oil and fungal populations on your skin while incorporating some of the above ingredients to reduce the amount of yeast on your skin. Perform this skincare routine twice per day, morning and night.
1. Cleanse
Use a gentle facial cleanser to wash away any dirt, sweat, and debris that has collected on your skin. Avoid cleansers with polysorbates, fatty acids, and most oils. Exceptions are MCT oil (capric/caprylic triglycerides), mineral oil (naturally free of fatty acids), squalane (not to be confused with squalene).
2. Toner
Toner helps to remove anything that your cleanser may have missed while also actively treating your fungal acne. Look for toners with green tea. Avoid toners with polysorbates, fatty acids, and most oils. Exceptions are MCT oil (capric/caprylic triglycerides), mineral oil (naturally free of fatty acids), squalane (not to be confused with squalene).
3. Treat and Gently Exfoliate
This is the crux of your skincare routine’s effectiveness. Apply a serum containing salicylic acid, azelaic acid, or urea to your skin, focusing on areas affected by fungal acne.
Tips on Exfoliation
About once or twice per week, apply a powerful chemical exfoliant (AHA or BHA) after using your toner. This can help to promote the shed of dead skin cells to make way for fresh skin cells. This helps to prevent clogged pores while further regulating oil production. However, exfoliating too much can be potentially irritating, which is why you should limit it to no more than twice per week.
4. Moisturize
Moisturizer is an essential step in your skincare process. It protects and nourishes your face to provide more supple, smooth skin. While moisturizer makes sense for dry skin, it’s also essential for oily skin. Avoid moisturizers with polysorbates, fatty acids, and most oils. Exceptions are MCT oil (capric/caprylic triglycerides), mineral oil (naturally free of fatty acids), squalane (not to be confused with squalene).
5. Sunscreen
Always end your morning routine by applying sunscreen. Most active ingredients will increase your skin’s sensitivity to UV rays, which can contribute to inflammation and increase your risk of skin cancer. Use a non-greasy sunscreen, even if you don’t plan to go outside. Sunlight can still come in through windows.
If you are not sure where to start, here are some products that we recommend for fungal acne.
How to Prevent Fungal Acne
Along with fungal acne treatments, you can take a proactive step to prevent the growth of fungal acne.
Species of Malassezia thrive in warm, humid environments, making them more likely to grow when you are sweaty and hot. Wear breathable fabrics to reduce sweat and body heat, and remember to rinse and bathe immediately after workouts to reduce the chance of overgrown yeasts.
As mentioned, Malassezia feed primarily on oils and fatty acids, so it’s a good idea to avoid most face oils and fatty acids. Avoid most products using esters, which comprise a fatty acid combined with a glycerol or alcohol, aside from capric and caprylic acid.7 Other oils to avoid include:
Face oils that are safe to use include:
Exfoliating breaks down dead skin cells and debris to prevent clogged pores, while also regulating skin oils and dirt that may promote the growth of yeast cells. Use a gentle chemical exfoliator, and avoid harsh scrubs as they may irritate the skin and create microtears.
The worst thing you can do is treat your fungal acne like traditional acne. Aside from not helping your condition, certain traditional acne treatments may exacerbate the symptoms of fungal acne. Unfortunately, it’s far too easy to mistake the two. The best way to know for sure is to see your dermatologist.
Fungal acne presents symptoms that are distinct from conventional acne, but with the right treatments and preventive measures, you can reduce your fungal acne and maintain clear, healthy skin.
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DHT is one of the main contributors to male and female pattern baldness. DHT blockers, available in the form of supplements and shampoos, may reduce hair loss while supporting healthy hair growth. Take a look below for tips on choosing the best DHT blocker shampoo.
Dihydrotestoerone, or DHT, is a hormone that is present in both men and women. In men it is responsible for some important changes during puberty including a deeper voice, body hair, changes to body composition.1 In women DHT plays a role in estrogen synthesis and may regulate organ functions.2
With age however, DHT levels increase which can contribute to hair loss in both men and women by shrinking hair follicles. High DHT levels in men has also been linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia, or an enlarged prostate, as well as prostate cancer.3
DHT blockers work to regulate the hormone’s levels, often by inhibiting the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. This enzyme is responsible for converting testosterone into DHT, resulting in an increase in DHT levels while reducing existing testosterone. By keeping 5-alpha reductase at bay, your hormones have an easier time maintaining balance.3
As a general rule, you’ll want to check the list of ingredients before you buy any shampoo that’s designed to block DHT. Again, there are a few anti-DHT shampoo ingredients that are proven to have some effect on scalp DHT levels and hair growth.
Check the label for ingredients that are actually proven to block DHT and support hair growth. Some of the most popular and effective natural DHT blocking herbs that you should look for include:
Lavender Oil - In a study involving mice, topical application of lavender oil was found to promote hair growth. Results of the study showed significant increases in the number of hair follicles, hair follicle depth, and dermal layer thickness, all of which contributed to increased hair growth.21 Lavender oil has been found to have anti-androgen (anti-DHT) properties.22
Tea tree oil– Derived from the leaves of the tea tree, tea tree oil has been shown in several studies to be an effective antimicrobial that can fight bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Tea tree oil’s natural antifungal properties may help to reduce certain forms of dandruff caused by fungi. Tea tree oil also has anti-androgen (anti-DHT) properties.22
Many shampoos tend to include harsh, potentially harmful chemicals. The two main culprits here are sulfates and parabens. Sulfates refer to a detergent called sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate. These compounds are harsh detergents that strip away moisture from the scalp.11
It is often added to shampoo, soap, and cleaning products to promote lathering, which gives the illusion of a stronger, more effective clean.12 The immediate problem with sulfate is that it is irritating to skin and scalp. Any added irritation to your scalp may aggravate your hair loss.
Parabens are another group of synthetic compounds added to shampoo and other personal care products as a preservative. They effectively stop the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microbes that could pose a health risk. While the amount in a singular product might be negligible, parabens are nearly ubiquitous, found in almost 90 percent of regular grocery items. Experts and public health advocates are worried that the accumulation of and exposure to parabens from so many different sources could lead to health issues. The main concern is paraben’s ability to mimic estrogen, resulting in hormonal dysfunctions that could lead to reproductive toxicity and an increased chance of breast cancer.13
Many modern shampoos and personal care products have found healthier, cleaner alternatives to sulfates and parabens. Shop for shampoos with natural ingredients and it’s always a good idea to check the label.
Choosing a DHT blocker shampoo that comes with an accompanying a good conditioner can provide further support for healthy hair growth. While shampoos are designed to wash your hair, they often strip your hair and scalp of its natural oils. That dryness can potentially contribute to irritation and exacerbate your hair loss. Conditioner contains a mix of ingredients designed to replenish your hair’s moisture and refortify your hair’s cuticle with a protective coating. This encourages growth and prevents potential hair breakage. Most also just help your hair maintain its shine, smooth out frizz and tangles, and generally make your hair nice to touch and easier to work with.14
To accompany your DHT blocking shampoo, look for conditioners containing essential oils such as jojoba and peppermint oils. Jojoba oil most closely mimics the oils your follicles produce and offers a rich combination of vitamins and minerals that help to nourish and protect your hair, including:
Jojoba oil is also a powerful moisturizer, which can fight against breakage, split ends, and a dry scalp. This moisturizing ability nurtures your hair follicles, preventing the dryness that may cause hair loss, itchiness, or dandruff.15
Jojoba oil penetrates deep into each strand of hair, providing much needed nourishment and moisture to the hair roots and follicles. Vitamin E and other antioxidants combat free radicals, a product of oxidation, and protect hair from breakage and split ends. The high antioxidant content can also help to reduce inflammation in the scalp that contributes to dandruff and hair loss.
A study found that combining peppermint oil with jojoba oil had the most significant hair growth effects compared to using either oil alone. The study found that peppermint oil changes the levels of gene expression, promoting hair growth at molecular level.
Combine your DHT blocker shampoo with other DHT blocker supplements and hair growth ingredients to maintain healthy hair growth. Oral DHT blocker supplements can further help to rebalance hormones and reduce hair loss.
Minoxidil is one of the most popular ingredients for hair growth in both men and women. It is available as a topical treatment that can be applied directly to the scalp. Unlike DHT blockers, which affect hormones, minoxidil is in a class of drugs known as peripheral vasodilators. These work by relaxing and enlarging blood vessels, allowing for better blood flow.17
While research is not sure of the exact mechanisms of action, minoxidil has been shown to improve blood flow in the scalp, enlarging hair follicles while providing the scalp with easier access to nutrients. The result is an extended growth phase that allows for greater hair coverage on the scalp. Studies show that minoxidil has been effective in reducing hair loss and regrowing hair.18
You generally don’t have to worry about that with DHT blocking shampoos because they are applied topically. Any effects are localized to the scalp with a minimal risk of altering DHT levels elsewhere in the body.
Side effects from a DHT blocking shampoo are usually a result of allergies to the ingredients. This may result in redness, itching, rash, or irritation in the scalp. Certain shampoos may also contain irritating agents that may cause discomfort and dry out the scalp, which may also lead to excess oil as your scalp tries to overcompensate.20 To minimize discomfort, make sure you look for natural formulations without sulfates.
With so many hair loss treatments out there, finding an effective DHT blocker shampoo with natural ingredients is the best first step you can take to mitigate hair loss and support hair growth. Keep in mind that DHT blocker shampoos are designed for hair loss caused by androgenic alopecia. If you are not sure what product to start with, consider trying DrFormulas HairOmega® DHT blocking shampoo, which is formulated with natural ingredients to inhibit DHT and promote healthy hair growth.
Read next: How to Make Your Hair Growth Thicker and Faster
Sources:
Silicon dioxide, which also goes by silica or silicate, comes in various forms. In nature, it is simply known as sand or quartz and occurs within the earth’s crust. It can also be found in water, plants, and animals. Silicon dioxide is a common ingredient in pharmaceuticals and certain herbs like horsetail plants.1 Horsetail is commonly used to support hair growth.
In food, colloidal silicon dioxide is commonly added to salt, seasoning salt, and baking soda. Thanks to its anticaking properties, it is also added to meat curing powders, spices, and wide range of other food products. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also biologically inert and nontoxic, and it does not dissolve in water. This makes it a common additive in tablet-making as a coating for pills, capsules, and dietary supplements.2
Colloidal silicon dioxide is also included in certain industrial applications as a thickening agent. This includes paints and dyes, as well as shampoos and other cosmetic products.
With the wide usage and frequent inclusion of colloidal silicon dioxide, you may be worried about your exposure or consumption to it. Is silicon dioxide safe? The FDA considers colloidal silicon dioxide as generally safe, and most research shows that the silicon dioxide that we ingest via food and supplements is safe.
In fact, it has been found to not accumulate in the body. Excess silicon dioxide is flushed out via the kidneys according to the World Health Organization.3 Furthermore, researchers have found no link or association between silicon dioxide added to food and an increased risk of organ damage, disease, or mortality.4
Is silicon dioxide safe during pregnancy? Thus far, existing research has not found any evidence to suggest that additive silicon dioxide has any effect on birth weight, bodyweight, or reproductive health in general. This suggests that silicon dioxide is safe for pregnant mothers.4
Silicosis occurs with constant exposure to high levels of silica. This usually means that the average person should not have to worry about it. Silicosis is much more of a risk among those who work in mines, factories, or masonry positions. Employers in these industries are required to take the necessary precautions to ensure the safety of workers who are exposed to silica.5
Although inhaling silica may pose health issues, colloidal silicon dioxide is safe to eat, so you can have peace of mind the next time you see it on an ingredient list.
Sources:
]]>While fermentation has gained renewed modern interest, its roots go back to prehistory, providing an easy means of preserving foods and lengthening their shelf life. However, the fermentation process comes with its own benefits as well. Learn more about the potential benefits and dangers of fermented foods below.
Fermentation is a metabolic process involving microorganisms, like yeasts, molds, and bacteria. Microorganisms survive by feeding on sugars, starches, and other carbohydrates. They turn these carbs into necessary fuel and energy. Through this breakdown, fermentation results in the formation of various organic molecules as a byproduct. This includes alcohol and certain acids, particularly lactic acid.1
Fermentation generally occurs in an anaerobic environment (an environment free of oxygen). Oxygen can actually inhibit the fermentation process. This is known as the Pasteur effect. However, certain fermented foods that use yeasts, like wine and beer, require a small amount of oxygen.2
Proper fermentation acts as a natural preservative that prevents food from spoiling as quickly, while imbuing food with a distinctly tart flavor and a variety of potential benefits, particularly involving probiotics.
While fermentation was initially used as a means of making food last longer, modern research has shown that fermented foods may actually provide a wide range of health benefits.
One of the biggest benefits to fermented foods for gut health is the creation of beneficial bacteria known as probiotics. Your gut is naturally populated with a complex community of bacteria. Maintaining balance in this gut microbiome has been found to support nearly every aspect of your physical health. An imbalance in gut bacteria, referred to as dysbiosis, is characterized by an overgrowth of “bad” bacteria that can contribute to a whole host of digestive issues. Dysbiosis is also associated with infectious diseases and increased inflammation.4
Studies show that replenishing your gut bacteria with fermented foods and probiotics may help to improve digestive health. In a meta-analysis, supplementation with probiotic-rich foods improved the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases.5 In another study, subjects who took fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis had a beneficial effect on discomfort, bloating, and constipation associated with irritable bowel syndrome.6 This suggests that fermented foods may be beneficial for those who experience gastrointestinal problems.
Along with its effects on digestive health, the gut microbiome has also been found to influence your immune system. Studies show that probiotics may help to regulate the functions of immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells. These studies suggest that probiotics may play an important therapeutic role in certain issues related to immune response, including allergies, eczema, and viral infections.7
A meta-analysis also suggests that probiotics may help to prevent acute upper respiratory tract infections. The meta-analysis found that probiotics decreased the number of participants who experienced episodes of acute upper respiratory tract infection and reduced antibiotic usage, particularly in younger participants.8 Other studies actually suggest that probiotics may support faster recovery when you do get sick. One meta-analysis found that subjects taking probiotics were sick for a fewer number of days, had shorter illness episodes, and were absent from school or work fewer days.9
Furthermore, many fermented foods tend to be high in fiber, zinc, vitamin C, and other micronutrients that can support your immune system and contribute to better health overall.
The process of fermentation often results in enzymes that can help the human digestive system break down foods and components. For example, lactose is the sugar found in milk and other dairy products. Those who are lactose intolerant lack lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose, and thus have trouble properly digesting milk products.
However, studies have found that consuming fermented dairy products, like kefir and yogurt, may improve lactose digestion and reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance.10 Furthermore, Lactobacillus probiotics are able to break down lactose and create lactic acid which is the reason why some fermented dairy beverages, such as kefir, are lactose-free.11
Fermented foods are also often more nutritious than their unfermented counterparts. The fermentation process has been found to break down phytates, lectins, and other antinutrients commonly found in seeds, grains, and legumes. These antinutrients can inhibit nutrient absorption and reduce bioavailability.12
Given the right ingredients and environmental conditions, nearly any food can be fermented. However, the most common examples of fermented foods that you can buy or make yourself include:
- Kefir
- Yogurt
- Kimchi
- Sauerkraut
- Kombucha
- Tempeh
- Miso
- Natto
- Some (but not all) pickles
- Beer
- Wine
While there are thousands of fermented foods, you can generally break them down into three distinct types of fermentation.
Lactic acid fermentation is one of the most common types of fermentation. Human muscle cells undergo lactic acid fermentation during strenuous physical activity. Essentially, the muscles use up more energy in the form of ATP before they can be resupplied with oxygen, leading to the buildup of lactic acid in the muscles, which contributes to general muscle soreness and aches.1
The same process occurs in food as certain strains of bacteria or yeast convert sugars and starches into lactic acid. Strains of Lactobacillus bacteria are most commonly responsible for this process. Lactic acid fermentation is involved in making kimchi, sauerkraut, yogurt, pickles, and sourdough breads.1
Ethanol is a type of simple alcohol. Glucose in carbohydrates is metabolized in the process of glycolysis, creating pyruvate as a byproduct. Adding yeasts breaks down the pyruvate, converting it into alcohol and carbon dioxide molecules. This method of fermentation is involved with beer, wine, whiskey, and other alcoholic beverages.1
Acetic acid fermentation is a two-step fermentation process that yields vinegar. First, a carbohydrate is converted into alcohol via ethanol fermentation. Strains of bacteria known as Acetobacter are then added to begin the second fermentation process. These bacteria are readily found in nature, and unlike other forms of fermentation, acetobacters require oxygen to function.3 Acetic acid fermentation results in all forms of vinegar, including apple cider vinegar, wine vinegar, and kombucha.
There are thousands of different fermented foods in the world, and it thankfully doesn’t take any complex equipment to ferment your own foods at home. Some basic tips to keep in mind if you want to begin fermenting your own foods:
- Maintaining an oxygen-free environment is the key to good fermentation. Exposing fermented foods to oxygen inhibits the process while allowing for the growth of unwanted yeasts and mold. Make sure you use airtight jars fitted with airlocks to prevent oxygen exposure.
- Similar to oxygen, sunlight can also destroy most lactic acid bacteria. Make sure your ferments are properly covered or stored in an area away from sunlight.
- Use organic, high-quality ingredients. Fermented fruits and vegetables rely on the bacteria and yeasts naturally found on the peels and rinds. Pesticides and herbicides often kill off those microorganisms and inhibit the fermentation process, on top of being just plain unhealthy for you.
- Vegetable fermentation tends to thrive at temperatures between 68 and 72 degrees Fahrenheit, while milk fermentation can thrive at temperatures up to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Make sure that the equipment that you do use is properly cleaned and sterilized. You do not want to introduce outside microorganisms to your ferment.
- With the right temperature, the proper airlock, and time, you can generally achieve a successful fermentation, so be patient.13
Fermented foods are considered safe for consumption by generally anyone. However, some people may experience mild side effects from the high probiotic content. This can manifest in the form of gas, bloating, and diarrhea, though these symptoms should subside as the gut gets used to the probiotics.14
Some fermented foods also tend to be high in biogenic amines. Amines are compounds that form naturally in fermented foods that contain protein and most commonly include histamine, tyramine, and tryptamine. While these are generally harmless, some people who are sensitive may experience headaches from increased amines.14
It’s also important to understand that not all fermented foods are created equal. Some fermented foods contain excess sodium or sugar, and while beer is a fermented food, it generally does not have high nutritional value.
Fermented foods can be an incredible addition to any diet, and they are easy to create in the comfort of your home. If you are looking to improve your gut health with probiotics consider taking a supplement, like DrFormulas® Nexabiotic®, either alongside or in lieu of fermented foods to maximize your probiotic intake.
Sources:
Indigestion, or dyspepsia or upset stomach, refers broadly to discomfort in your stomach and upper abdomen. While it’s not a disease or necessarily a cause for alarm, indigestion is uncomfortable, painful, and may point to a more serious underlying condition.1 Read on to learn more about indigestion and how you can get rid of it with natural remedies.
Read next: DrFormulas Digestive Enzymes for Bloating Relief and Indigestion
Indigestion is a relatively common occurrence, but everyone experiences it differently. Some may only experience it occasionally, while others may have indigestion on a daily basis. The main symptoms to look for in indigestion include:
Click to enlarge
Sometimes indigestion may also be accompanied by heartburn, but the two are separate conditions. Heartburn is characterized by a burning pain in the chest during or after eating. This is caused by stomach acids backing up into esophagus, which is known as acid reflux. The pain worsens when lying down or bending over as the acid presses against your esophagus, and you may have a bitter or acidic taste in your mouth.2 See our article on natural remedies for heartburn here.
Thankfully, you generally shouldn’t need to see a doctor for mild indigestion, which can easily be remedied at home. There are plenty of natural ways to deal with indigestion. Here are some of the most common home remedies for indigestion.
A cup of peppermint tea may soothe your upset stomach. Studies show that peppermint may activate an anti-pain channel in the colon known as TRPM8. Activation of this channel may reduce symptoms of indigestion and bowel hypersensitivity (irritable bowel syndrome).4 Peppermint has also been shown to calm stomach muscles and improve the flow of bile, which helps digest fats. However, you should avoid peppermint tea if you are suffering from heartburn or acid reflux as it may worsen symptoms.5
Apple cider vinegar has been touted for providing a wide range of health benefits. While not many studies have been done on apple cider vinegar for indigestion, it has been studied for weight loss and was found to increase satiety, helping you to feel fuller and avoid overeating.
Acetic acid, the main active and acidic component in apple cider vinegar, helps maintain healthy blood pressure and stabilizes spikes in blood sugar levels. However, avoid drinking too much apple cider or consuming it without diluting it first. Raw apple cider contributes to tooth erosion and throat burn and may make nausea worse.6
Apple cider vinegar may be helpful for indigestion for two reasons. By increasing satiety, it helps you eat less and can make it easier for your stomach to break down and start digesting food.
Indigestion is also thought to be a condition whereby the stomach produces too little stomach acid. Stomach acid plays a central role in the process of digestion. Stomach acid breaks down food at the molecular level and activates digestive enzymes that break down food even faster.
Apple cider vinegar is naturally acidic, so consuming apple cider vinegar provides your stomach with acidity and increases the production of stomach acids.
As mentioned above, digestive enzymes are integral to the digestive process. These molecular powerhouses catalyze thousands of reactions per second and help break down larger molecules into smaller, more digestible pieces.
Digestive enzymes may be one of the best natural ways to relieve indigestion. Different digestive enzymes break down different food components, including fats, proteins, and carbohydrates into their smaller components. For example, proteases break down protein into amino acids, while lipases break down fats into fatty acids. These are the pieces that the body is able to absorb and use. Therefore it is recommended to choose a supplement with a variety of enzymes for better digestion.
Due to aging or certain health conditions, your body may secrete insufficient amounts of digestive enzymes. This prevents the full and complete digestion of food, which may result in indigestion and other gastrointestinal problems while preventing the proper absorption vitamins and minerals in foods.
Thankfully, digestive enzyme supplements help break down proteins into amino acids which act as a signal to increase stomach acid production, helping your gut to properly break down meals.3
Ginger is commonly used as a spice, but it may also help with indigestion. Ginger contains an active compound known as gingerol. Along with its antioxidant properties, gingerol is believed to help alleviate indigestion and nausea.7 While the exact mechanisms are not well known, studies have shown that gingerol promotes gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility. It may also be effective as a gastroprotective agent.16 Ginger can be eaten fresh, dried, cooked, or pickled, and it is widely available in supplement form. Grate ginger into your dishes, or make a simple ginger tea to help soothe your indigestion.
Available raw or in the form of tea, fennel is known to possess antimicrobial properties and may help with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, including indigestion, gas, and diarrhea.8
Probiotics can help to replenish the natural beneficial bacteria that reside in your gut. These microbes also contribute to digestion. They feed off of food that your body cannot digest absorb, contributing to more complete digestion.
If you are wondering what helps indigestions, here are some simple lifestyle changes you can implement to keep indigestion symptoms at bay.
Eating too fast overloads your digestive tract, forcing your digestive system to take much longer to break down food. More importantly, eating too fast also tends to mean that you are not chewing your food thoroughly, introducing larger pieces of food into your system. This can add to your discomfort and increase the amount of time necessary to fully digest your food.
To prevent poor digestion, avoid eating food fast and rushing your meals. Take your time with each meal and chew each mouthful completely before swallowing. You may also find it beneficial to eat four or five smaller meals spread throughout the day instead of eating three larger meals.
Don’t eat large meals just before bed. Lying down immediately after a meal prevents your body from properly digesting food, leading to an upset stomach and disturbed sleep. Your last meal should come at least two to three hours before you settle into bed. Always make sure that you have enough water to drink during and between meals.9
Stress has become something of a modern epidemic. While it might seem to be all in your head, stress has some very real effects on your physiology and health, your digestive system included. In some people, stress chemicals can slow down digestion. In others, stress increases the acids in your stomach. Both can result in indigestion and other gastrointestinal distress, including bloating, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite. Stress and anxiety can also contribute to eating too fast, not chewing food properly, skipping meals, and other unhealthy behaviors that may contribute to indigestion.
Try to find healthy, constructive ways to manage your stress. This can include breathing exercises, meditation, or yoga. Maintaining a regular exercise regimen may also help to relieve stress while keeping your body active. Keep your mealtimes calm, happy, and relaxed, which means no arguing or otherwise angry conversations at the dinner table. 9
By now, you know all the ill effects that smoking has on your health, from damage to your lungs to an increased risk of heart disease, but if you need another reason to quit smoking: cigarettes can cause indigestion and other gastrointestinal issues. Cigarette smoke can irritate your stomach lining, resulting in a weakened gut. Smoking has also been shown to weaken the muscle that controls the lower portion of the esophagus. This makes it easier for stomach acids to travel back up the esophagus, resulting in acid reflux and heartburn.10
Although medications are designed to help you feel better, some can cause an upset stomach and other digestive problems as a side effect.
Some medicines can disrupt the action of the sphincter muscle that controls your esophagus, resulting in increased chances of acid reflux. These medicines include:
One of the most prominent culprits of indigestion are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. These medications, which include ibuprofen and other pain relievers, are known to irritate the stomach lining and weaken the lining’s ability to resist stomach acids. This may result in indigestion, inflammation (gastritis), ulcers, and leaky gut syndrome.11
Some medications can affect the nerve and muscle activity in the large intestine. This makes passing stools slower and more difficult, resulting in constipation. Medication that may contribute to constipation include:
Antibiotics, including clindamycin, penicillin, and cephalosporins, are also known to cause gastrointestinal issues. Although they are effective at eliminating bacterial infections, antibiotics are not particularly good at identifying good bacteria from bad bacteria. This can cause dysbiosis, or an imbalance in your natural gut flora, which may result in diarrhea and C. diff infections.11
You may be able to prevent upset stomach by taking these medications with a meal and a full glass of water. For antibiotics, you may find it helpful to eat probiotic-rich foods or take a probiotic supplement to replenish the good bacteria in your gut. If possible, consult your doctor to determine alternate medications.11
Part of indigestion treatment involves avoiding foods that commonly trigger indigestion.
Alcohol can inhibit the secretion of digestive enzymes from your pancreas, which prevents the proper breakdown of foods. Furthermore, alcohol irritates and damages the lining in your stomach and intestines, causing inflammation and poor absorption of vitamins and nutrients.
Alcohol’s effects can also cause relaxation in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The lower esophageal sphincter is the one-way valve that is designed to keep the stomach’s contents down. Relaxing the LES allows for increased indigestion, and heartburn. Drinking too much alcohol can also lead to less healthy food choices, which can result in consuming foods that can contribute to your indigestion. These are just some of the reasons why alcohol causes indigestion, heartburn, and acid reflux.
While it’s fine to enjoy the occasional drink, binge drinking or drinking when your stomach is feeling sensitive may not be the best idea if you want to avoid digestive problems.12
Coffee and other caffeinated beverages tend to be highly acidic, which may irritate your gut and lead to gas, bloating, and general indigestion. Caffeine has also been shown to be a possible trigger for heartburn and acid reflux in some people as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter. If you find that coffee exacerbates your indigestion or other digestive symptoms, consider cutting back or switching to teas, which tend to contain less caffeine and offer more soothing benefits.13
Peppers and other spicy foods contain an ingredient known as capsaicin. This ingredient is responsible for the characteristic burning in the mouth and on the lips, but that burning sensation is your body’s reaction to a natural irritant. It’s not surprising then that capsaicin can irritate the stomach and intestines. This most often results in diarrhea, though symptoms of indigestion can vary based on your personal sensitivities to spicy foods.
About 65 percent of the global population is lactose intolerant, resulting in gastrointestinal problems after consuming milk and other dairy products. The key here is lactose, the natural sugar found in milk and products made from milk. Lactase is the enzyme designed to digest and break down lactose. Many people tend to produce less lactase as they get older. Without enough lactase, they are unable to process dairy products, resulting in gas, bloating, and other gastrointestinal problems. Staying away from milk products tends to be the most effective solution, but lactase supplements can help those who can’t live without their milk and dairy.15
While fats are necessary to any diet, high-fat foods tend to be harder to digest and will sit in your stomach for longer. This contributes to feelings of indigestion.
You can reduce indigestion by making changes to your diet and the way you eat. Avoid trigger foods and eat smaller meals. If these do not help consider adding Digestive Enzymes or other natural remedies for indigestion. Consult your doctor if indigestion continues to affect your overall quality of life after making these changes.
Read next: DrFormulas Digestive Enzymes for Bloating Relief and Indigestion
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Platelet-rich plasma therapy is a type of regenerative medicine used in a variety of medical fields to support natural healing. PRP treatments have also recently been used to reduce hair loss and promote hair growth. Learn more about PRP treatment and its potential use for hair loss below.
Plasma is the liquid portion of your blood. Composed primarily of water and proteins, your plasma acts as a carrier for white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets, allowing these cells to travel throughout the body. Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are the smallest cells in the blood. They are responsible for forming blood clots and play other roles in wound and growth healing.1
Platelet-rich plasma therapy involves injections of plasma that has a high concentration of a patient’s own platelets. While initially used by hematologists, this injection has since grown in application to support natural wound healing of ligaments, muscles, tendons, and joints, essentially using a patient’s own healing system. This has become increasingly popular in sports medicine, though other medical fields also using PRP therapy include cardiac and pediatric surgery, plastic surgery, urology, and ophthalmology.2
Wounds are known to be high in proinflammatory markers that can impair healing, and they may also have high protease activity, which inhibits the concentration of growth factors. Platelet-rich plasma acts as a source for growth factors while also encouraging cell division, the formation of new blood vessels, and cell migration.2
Platelet-rich plasma treatment has also been applied to cases of hair loss by injecting platelet-rich plasma directly into the scalp. Some studies have shown successful hair growth, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear, but studies suggest that dermal papilla cells produce a variety of growth factors, including IGF-1, FGF-7, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These growth factors are responsible for supporting hair follicles and maintaining the anagen (active growth) phase of the hair cycle. By upregulating these specific growth factors in the dermal papilla, platelet-rich plasma could potentially contribute to a longer anagen phase.2
Other proposed mechanisms suggest that platelet-rich plasma may activate various signaling pathways, like protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. This may promote cell survival and prevent cell death (apoptosis) in the scalp. In mouse models, this resulted in a faster transition from the telogen (resting) phase of the hair cycle to the anagen phase.2
While the exact mechanisms of action are not well known, many early studies do show that platelet-rich plasma may be effective in reducing hair loss and supporting healthy hair growth. In one study, researchers evaluated 11 men ages 20 to 40 with androgenic alopecia who were unresponsive to six months of treatment with minoxidil and finasteride. Using an insulin syringe, researchers injected a total of 2 to 3 cc of PRP directly into each patient’s scalp. This was repeated every two weeks for a total of four injections. Along with a hair pull test prior to each injection, outcomes were assessed after three months using photos, clinical examinations, further hair pull tests, and evaluations of patient satisfaction.3
The results of the study found a significant reduction in hair loss from the first to the last injection. On average, hair count increased from 71 hair follicles to 93 hair follicles, suggesting a mean gain of about 22.09 follicular units per square centimeter. Following the last session, the hair pulling test was negative for 81.81 percent of patients. Patient satisfaction overall was high with an average satisfaction rating of 7.0 on a scale of 1 to 10.3 This suggests that PRP injections to the scalp may help to promote hair growth and strength. However, this study is admittedly small in scale and did not follow up with patients after treatment.
Meta-analyses of platelet-rich plasma for hair loss are also promising. In one meta-study, researchers looked at 13 studies evaluating the use of platelet-rich plasma for treating androgenic alopecia. Preliminary results from these studies suggest that PRP is promising in reducing androgenic alopecia.4
In a similar meta-study, researchers identified seven studies that looked at the use of PRP for hair loss associated with androgenic alopecia. Involving 194 patients in total, the meta-study found that platelet-rich plasma injections contributed to a significantly larger increase in hair number per square centimeter and hair thickness cross-sections per 10−4 mm2.
This suggests that local injection of platelet-rich plasma for androgenic alopecia could contribute to an increase in hair number and thickness with minimal negative side effects.5
However, longer term research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in relation to androgenic alopecia. This is because androgenetic alopecia is caused by excess DHT. While PRP therapy may increase hair growth initially, DHT will still be present in the body and can continue to cause hair loss. It is important for consumers to know whether or not PRP therapy needs to be used on a continuous basis as the costs can quickly add up.
The exact procedures and duration of PRP treatment for hair loss can vary from treatment center to treatment center. In the smaller study above, the PRP treatment was prepared first by collecting 20 cc of fresh blood from each patient. The blood was suspended in vaccutainers containing sodium citrate. These tubes were then spun in a centrifuge at 1,500 revolutions per minute for six minutes, which concentrates the platelets. The first spin, often called the soft spin, allows the blood to separate into three layers:
The middle layer is collected and placed into a separate test tube for further centrifugation. This second series of spins, known as the hard spin, consists of 2,500 revolutions per minute for 15 minutes. The hard spin allows the platelets to settle to the bottom of the test tube, leaving another upper layer of platelet-poor plasma that is discarded. The lower layer of PRP was loaded in a syringe with calcium chloride as an activator.3
In the study, about one hour prior to the injections, researchers applied an anesthetic cream to the bald area on the scalp, which was also cleaned using spirit, cetavlon, and povidone-iodine. Using an insulin syringe, researchers injected the platelet-rich plasma into the affected area of the scalp with the nappage technique. This involves a series of micro-injections in a linear pattern, set 1 cm apart. Up to 2 to 3 cc of PRP was injected total. This process was repeated every two weeks for a total of four injection sessions.3
Platelet-rich plasma injections are still relatively new and thus still remains an unproven treatment for hair loss. PRP injections are also considered cosmetic and not necessary to your health. This means that very few health insurance plans will cover or provide any reimbursement for PRP injections, so you are likely stuck with paying for platelet-rich plasma therapy out of pocket. However, if you are considering platelet-rich plasma injections, it may still be beneficial to check with your insurance provider.
Costs for PRP injections for hair loss will vary based on your geographic location, the number of injections required, the quality of the equipment, and the addition of any nutritive components in the injection. A report from San Francisco, CA, suggests costs that range from $900 for one injection to about $2,500 for a set of three PRP treatments.6
As mentioned, research on platelet-rich plasma injections is fairly limited. Although clinical studies show the short-term effectiveness of PRP injections in supporting hair growth, the long-term effects of these injections still remain to be seen. Some evidence suggests that you may need ongoing maintenance or touch-up injections at least once per year.7 If you want to learn more, consider looking up reviews left at your local PRP treatment centers.
Most studies show that platelet-rich plasma injections do not come with any negative side effects. As the platelet-rich plasma comes from your own body, the risk of allergic reaction is significantly reduced. You may experience some discomfort or minor bruising during the blood draw. Similarly, you may experience pain, discomfort, or bruising at the injection sites on the scalp.
In one study involving the use of platelet-rich plasma in patients with alopecia areata, some participants experienced minor pain in the scalp, scalp redness, and forehead swelling in the early recovery period (considered the first 24 to 48 hours). In the late recovery period (the first two months), some participants experienced telogen effluvium. This is a temporary form of hair loss characterized by the sudden thinning and shedding of hair that is usually brought on by some form of stress or trauma that forces hair into the telogen phase. However, this was a rare side effect among the study participants.8
While more research is necessary, platelet-rich plasma injections show promise in reducing hair loss and promoting hair growth. Consult with your doctor to determine if PRP injections may be right for you, and consider using natural DHT blockers to address the underlying causes of hair loss.
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Bacterial vaginosis is the most common type of vaginal infection, resulting from the “bad” bacteria in the vagina outnumbering the “good” bacteria. This bacterial overgrowth upsets the natural balance of the vagina, resulting in itchiness, discharge, painful urination, and other symptoms. Antibiotics are often prescribed to treat bacterial vaginosis, but if you can’t take antibiotics or simply want to look for other options, you can still treat BV without them. Read on to learn more about getting rid of bacterial vaginosis without antibiotics.
This common food item is believed to provide a wide range of health benefits. Much of that comes from its reported antibacterial properties, which may extend to its potential effects on bacterial vaginosis. In a randomized clinical trial, 120 married women who were diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis were randomly treated with either a garlic tablet or oral metronidazole (a common antibiotic prescribed for bacterial vaginosis) for a period of seven days. The results of the study found that both the garlic tablet and metronidazole groups experienced a comparable improvement in symptoms. However, metronidazole was associated with far more side effects. This suggests that garlic may act as a potential alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments for bacterial vaginosis.1
Consider incorporating more garlic into your everyday diet or taking a garlic supplement. Keep in mind that garlic should only be eaten or otherwise consumed orally. Do not use garlic as a vaginal suppository, which may result in burning and irritation.
Studies have found that apple cider vinegar presents significant antimicrobial properties and may inhibit common microbes like E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans.2
Apple cider vinegar is also a naturally acidic product. This may help to balance vaginal pH to support a healthy vaginal microbiome. The vagina is naturally slightly acidic with a pH that varies between 3.8 and 4.5. Some studies have found that vaginal acidification may help to reduce existing bacterial vaginosis and prevent future recurring infections.3
Tea tree oil is known to possess natural antifungal and antibacterial properties. In a small in vitro study, researchers found that tea tree oil used on its own may help to reduce symptoms of bacterial vaginosis by selectively killing or inhibiting certain bacteria without affecting existing lactobacilli and other good bacteria in the vaginal microflora.4
If you do use tea tree oil, note that some people are allergic to this essential oil. Furthermore, all essential oils are highly potent and must be diluted with a neutral carrier oil, like coconut oil, olive oil, or sweet almond oil, in order to avoid irritation.
Boric acid is a boron compound that is commonly used as a home remedy for general vaginal infections, including yeast infections.5 A meta-study found that boric acid may be a safe and effective treatment for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, a type of yeast infection.6
In a study, 58 patients with recurrent bacterial vaginosis were treated with intravaginal boric acid combined with their usual oral nitroimidazole antibiotic. The results of the study suggest that boric acid used in conjunction with antibiotics may allow for a faster cure rate for recurrent bacterial vaginosis.7
Although boric acid is safe for use vaginally, it can be toxic when ingested orally.
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that mostly populate the gut, but the vagina is also home to its own population of beneficial bacteria, known as the vaginal microflora. Bacterial vaginosis is often associated with an imbalanced vaginal microbiome. Taking probiotics, either via food or a supplement, may help to rebalance bacterial populations within the vagina. Studies have shown that daily administration of probiotics, either orally or directly into the vagina, may help to treat bacterial vaginosis and prevent recurring cases of the infection.8
Along with changes to diet, simple changes to lifestyle may help to prevent cases of bacterial vaginosis.
Douching involves washing or cleaning out the inside of the vagina, often with a mixture of fluids. Although it may seem to cleanse the vagina, douching only upsets the pH and natural bacterial balance of the vagina.
Along with avoiding douching, practice good general hygiene:
Bacterial vaginosis is by no means a sexually transmitted infection, but some studies do suggest that having bacterial vaginosis may increase your risk of contracting an STI.9 Always practice safe sex. Use a condom or dental dam during sex. Studies have shown that consistent condom usage during sex can reduce incidents of bacterial vaginosis and prevent alterations to vaginal microflora.10 Lube can also help to provide a more enjoyable and healthy experience by reducing friction and irritation, but avoid spermicidal lubes, which contain chemicals that can potentially cause irritation as well as imbalances in vaginal microflora
Although bacterial vaginosis can be easily treated with antibiotics, you may not want to deal with the potential side effects associated with antibiotics. If you have recurring episodes of bacterial vaginosis, it’s a good idea to consult your doctor to determine sustainable treatment options.
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The human digestive system, or gastrointestinal tract, is responsible for turning food into usable energy and nutrients while expelling unused waste. The average human digestive system measures nine meters (about 30 feet) in its entirety.1
Such a vast system with so many varying parts is bound to deal with some problems, including heartburn and acid reflux. Heartburn describes irritation in your esophagus caused by stomach acids. Despite the name, heartburn has nothing to do with your heart, though it does cause pain and discomfort in your upper abdomen and below your breastbone.2 Acid reflux is the condition wherein stomach acids flow back up into the esophagus, causing the heartburn.3
Although more research is necessary, some evidence suggests that using certain oils may relieve heartburn.
The smell of lavender is relaxing and calming to many people. Along with its sedative properties, lavender may also help decrease the symptoms of upset stomach. Many of the symptoms of upset stomach and heartburn are similar, so trying lavender oil may be beneficial for people dealing with extra stomach acid.
People have used ginger to treat various types of gastrointestinal distress. Ginger essential oils may also benefit people who are experiencing the symptoms of heartburn.
Inhaling the essence of a peppermint essential oil may help ease heartburn, upset stomach, and nausea. Massage the diluted oil on your chest, belly, of back can help relax the overactive digestive system.
Essential oils are potent. A drop or two is enough to diffuse scents throughout a room. A drop or two in a carrier oil is all that’s usually recommended when applying essential oils topically.
The best way to treat heartburn with essential oils is by inhaling the scent directly from the bottle or a diffuser. If you’re using a diffuser, place two or three drops in the machine’s steam pocket.
While consistent heartburn and acid reflux may potentially result in serious complications, more often than not, they will only cause pain and discomfort, which can be enough to ruin your day. Many people instinctively reach for acid-reducers and antacids when they get indigestion but before trying any supplements or over-the-counter products for heartburn, it is recommended that you change your diet to avoid flare-ups.
Lifestyle is just as important as additions to your diet. Some simple changes you can make that can have significant impacts include:
Different foods affect everyone differently, so consider keeping a food diary to determine foods that specifically cause acid reflux or heartburns. Some common trigger foods for heartburn include:
Nicotine is known to weaken the lower esophageal sphincter, a muscle that controls the opening between your stomach and esophagus. Weakening this muscle makes it easier for stomach acids to flow back up the esophagus. Smoking cessation is a good idea in general if you want to support better health.10
Larger meals fill the stomach, putting excess pressure on your lower esophageal sphincter, which increases the chances of acid reflux and heartburn.10 Instead of eating 3 large meals per day we recommend eating 4-6 meals throughout the day.
Gravity normally keeps your food and stomach acids down, preventing acid reflux from developing. Lying takes gravity out of the equation, allowing stomach acids to press against the lower esophageal sphincter. Try to give yourself at least two to three hours after a meal before lying down.10
Exercise and moving around helps aid your stomach with mechanical digestion. It also helps promote blood flow and peristalsis, the rhythmic contractions that move the contents of the gut along.
Eating slowly and chewing more helps your body mechanically break down food so the stomach doesn't have to work as hard to digest food. Eating slowly also helps your body recognize that you are full so you may end up eating less, helping you to lose weight.
Going for a walk after eating will help you avoid laying down and help support mechanical digestion.
Digestive enzymes are the powerhouses that break up food on the molecular level, allowing your body to absorb and utilize the nutrients locked within your food. Common digestive enzymes include:
As we have discussed earlier, the lack of an acidic environment in the stomach impairs activation of digestive enzymes in the stomach. Some digestive enzyme supplements, such as DrFormulas® Digestive Enzymes, are already active and do not require an acidic environment to start working.
In some individuals, acid reflux may be a sign of not enough stomach acid. Vinegar, also known as acetic acid, can help aid digestion by helping to promote a more acidic environment in the stomach. Apple cider vinegar is made from apples and has a pleasant apple taste. Bacteria and yeast are added to crushed apples, allowing for fermentation. Given enough time, the liquid turns into vinegar. Apple cider vinegar can introduce more acid into the digestive tract, which may help to balance your stomach’s pH. The acetic acid in apple cider vinegar may also act as an effective anti-microbial agent to combat bacteria and other foreign bodies.
Apple cider vinegar is generally considered safe to consume on its own in smaller amounts when diluted with water. However, taking the liquid form in larger amounts can increase tooth decay and throat irritation, so we recommend taking apple cider vinegar in pill or capsule form.11
Probiotics are good bacteria that make up the gut. Probiotics increase the serotonin that is produced in the gut[7]. By increasing levels of serotonin, probiotics facilitate contractions of the gut and the movement of food through the digestive system.
Gastric acid is made up of hydrochloric acid. Betaine hydrochloride supplements are used to supplement the amount of hydrochloric acid in your stomach and are used to treat achlorhydria or low stomach acid. One study found that betaine hydrochloride rapidly reversed the low acidity in persons taking a proton pump inhibitor[8]. Taking betaine HCl will help your digestive enzymes be more active during the digestive process.
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, can also aid digestion by promoting a more acidic environment in the stomach.
A natural way to neutralize acid is by using baking soda. The key ingredient in baking soda is sodium bicarbonate, the same compound that is naturally produced in your to neutralize stomach acid.4
It’s important to note that this using a base is meant to be a temporary remedy. For some, the sudden decrease in stomach acids caused by baking soda can result in an acid rebound, leading to your acid reflux symptoms returning even worse than before.
Fennel is a perennial herb indigenous to Europe and the Mediterranean. It has commonly been used for centuries to support digestive health, including indigestion, heartburn, and acid reflux. The seeds of the plant contain a variety of active constituents, including limonene, fenchone, and anethole.
When ingested, fennel has been found to sooth the digestive tract, reduce stomach acids, and calm inflammation. Chewing fennel seeds after a meal can help to prevent heartburn and aid in overall digestion. Fennel is also available as a tincture or liquid extract.7
Ginger root is rich in antioxidants and a variety of components that can support your health. Phenolic compounds in ginger can help to relieve irritation in your gastrointestinal tract and reduce gastric cramps, both of which ultimately reduce the potential for stomach acids to flow into your esophagus.8 Research also suggests that ginger may effectively reduce inflammation in the digestive tract.9
Ginger can be used in its raw form and incorporated into various dishes, but it is also available in powders, capsules, and teas. If you do use ginger, keep moderation in mind. Ginger is a spice, meaning that taking too much of it can potentially aggravate stomach acids and result in more heartburn.
If lifestyle and dietary changes have not helped your heartburn most people reach for many of the available over-the-counter and pharmaceutical drugs. Let’s take a closer look at these drugs and treatment strategies and compare them with natural remedies for fighting heartburn and acid reflux.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_acid#/media/File:Determinants_of_Gastric_Acid_Secretion.svg
Gastric acid production is highly regulated in the body and there are multiple ways to reduce stomach acid. Some products directly target the acid. Over-the-counter antacids like Tums or Alka-Seltzer are made up of chemicals called bases. An example of a base reacting with an acid to neutralize the acid is pouring baking soda into vinegar. What results is a chemical reaction that renders the solution more neutral instead of acidic. In fact, this reaction powers many elementary school projects on volcanoes because a lot of bubbles are produced when an acid and a base react.
Other over-the-counter and prescription drugs work further upstream and interact with the signals going to parietal cells of the stomach which actually produce the acid. The first generation acid blockers are actually anti-histamines that block histamine from signaling to the parietal cell to increase in acid production. Common names for these drugs are Zantac (ranitidine), Pepcid (famotidine), and Tagamet (cimetidine). These drugs are affected by a reaction called tachyphylaxis, which is when the body overcomes the effects of the drug and more is required to achieve the same effect.
Second generation acid blockers do not have the same reaction. These drugs are called proton pump inhibitors and directly inhibit the pump that pumps acid into the stomach. They go by names such as Prilosec (omeprazole), Prevacid (lansoprazole), Nexium (esomeprazole), Protonix (pantoprazole), and others.
Using PPIs changes the digestive process. While acid itself helps break up food into smaller particles, the majority of the work is done by digestive enzymes. Inside the stomach, digestive enzymes are released in inactive forms called zymogens. These zymogens are then activated by the acidic, low pH environment inside the stomach. When you take PPIs, the stomach becomes less acidic and you lose the activity of digestive enzymes.
Specifically, to prevent autodigestion (digestion of oneself) parietal cells of the stomach release the inactive zymogen pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is then activated into pepsin in the low pH (acidic) conditions of the stomach. Studies have shown that people taking PPIs have higher levels of pepsinogen in their blood[1] meaning the pepsinogen is not being activated. Without digestive enzymes a major part of digestion is lost which can itself promote more reflux as food remains undigested in the stomach longer.
PPIs are much more powerful than acid reducers. Your body is not able to overcome the effects of PPIs like it can with acid reducers. PPIs induce a state of achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria or low acid levels. Achlorhydria can result in complications such as bacterial overgrowth (increased chances of C diff and pneumonia[2] due to decreased killing of pathogens with stomach acid), intestinal metaplasia, and hip fracture. It can also cause abdominal discomfort, early satiety, weight loss, reflux symptoms, and abdominal bloating.[3] One other effect of achlorhydria is that it makes iron much more difficult to absorb which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
Many people mistake indigestion for heartburn and take an acid reducer when their problem is poor digestion, not too much acid production. PPIs are very powerful drugs and PPI-induced achlorhydria has been shown to increase the time that food remains in the stomach (gastric emptying time)[4][5].
In summary, PPIs reduce the body’s ability to digest food in the following manners:
That said, PPIs do play a vital role in treating excessive acid production in cases such as gastrinoma or Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. However, the inclination is towards overuse of PPIs[6] as a cure-all for all digestive ailments. The first step in treating indigestion and promoting digestion should be lifestyle adjustments. If that fails, medical treatment may be necessary. A proper workup will help determine if your problem is too much acid or too little acid. If you prefer natural remedies for acid reflux and indigestion some of the following may help.
In conclusion, heartburn is one symptom of indigestion. Heartburn is also a symptom of too much acid production. Recurring heartburn is bad because constantly exposing the esophagus to stomach contents can lead to cancerous changes in your esophagus. Acid reflux may be remedied with simple lifestyle changes but if that does not work it is important to figure out what is causing your heartburn, either too much or too little acid, and to treat it accordingly. Improper use of PPIs can worsen digestion and make indigestion worse.
If you want to support better digestion, we recommend DrFormulas™ Digestive Enzymes, which offers a combination of 18 different natural digestive enzymes to support normal digestion.
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1. Strawberry and basil
2. Grapefruit and thyme
3. Ginger and lemon
4. Lime and cucumber
5. Watermelon and mint
6. Pineapple and orange
7. Apple and cinnamon
To understand how natural remedies for gas, bloating or flatulence work you must first understand how these problems develop first.
Digestion is the process of breaking down large chunks of food into its molecular components. It starts with mechanical chewing of food particles into smaller pieces, continues with mechanical and chemical digestion with acid in the stomach. Enzymes are the key molecular powerhouses which break down molecules into smaller pieces so they can be absorbed into the cells of your digestive tract. There are enzymes released by the salivary glands of the mouth, lining of the stomach, and the first part of the small intestine.
Lacking digestive enzymes will cause you to feel gassy and bloated because anything that is not digested and absorbed will end up being consumed by the bacteria in your gut. These organisms then digest these undigested foods, producing gas and cause you to feel bloated. One example of this happening is if you are lactose intolerant.
Let's talk about home remedies for gas and bloating.
One is to supplement the body with enzymes. As discussed earlier, enzymes break down food and prevent undigested and unabsorbed food from reaching gut bacteria that turn the undigested food into gas. This is how the over-the-counter supplements Lactaid and Beano work. Lactaid contains lactase which breaks down lactose in dairy products while Beano contains amylase, the enzyme that breaks down starches. DrFormulas’ Digestive Enzymes contains 18 different enzymes including proteases 1 and 2, aspergillopepsin, amylase, lipase, cellulose, glucoamylase, invertase, alpha galactosidase, beta glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, phytase, hemicellulose, lactase, bromelain, papain, and peptidase.
You can also consume foods that are rich in enzymes. Here is a list of foods that contain enzymes. The enzymes contained in these foods will not be as potent as digestive enzyme pills.
Probiotics may also be helpful for gas. As mentioned earlier the gut is teeming with bacteria. Each one has a different way of utilizing the food that you eat. One type of probiotic is lactobacillus. This particular probiotic organism takes lactose and turns it into lactic acid. Digestion of lactose by this probiotic produces less gas than via digestion by other gut microorganisms. One solution to gas and bloating is to shift the balance of gut bacteria to ones that produce less gas and bloating.
Good sources of probiotics include[4]:
Be advised that probiotic rich foods rich in fiber can cause increased flatulence in susceptible individuals so you will have to experiment and see which probiotic rich foods will be helpful for reducing gas and bloating in your body. This is not due to the probiotics themselves but the fiber content of some of the foods such as kimchi. [5]
Consuming probiotic supplements may work better for some people than consuming probiotic rich foods. These pills contain concentrated probiotic organisms without the food that can sometimes cause gas. One study comparing supplementation of placebo pills with probiotic pills consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum found that Lactobacillus plantarum reduced flatulence.[6] Nexabiotic Probiotics from DrFormulas contains 23 different probiotic organisms including Lactobacillus plantarum.
Being lactose intolerant means that your body does not produce enough of the enzyme lactase to break down the lactose you ingest. Lactose is actually a molecule made up of two sugar molecules called glucose and galactose that are linked together. The enzyme lactase is able to break the link between these two sugar molecules so that your body can absorb the individual building blocks into the cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Without the lactase enzyme to break down the larger lactose molecule, the larger lactose molecule does not get absorbed and passes to the lower digestive tract, the large intestine where bacteria start to break it down for their own use. Once this happens they release carbon dioxide gas, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other gasses that produce the unpleasant feeling of bloating.
You may have heard that beans cause you to have gas. It is not a myth. The reason why beans cause bloating and gas is because beans contain a compound that inhibits the enzyme amylase. Amylase breaks down starch which are very long chains of sugars. Without amylase these long food chains end up in the gut where they are devoured by bacteria, producing gas.
In summary, to reduce gas and bloating you can address the root of the problem by supplementing your body with enzymes. The best source of enzymes are over-the-counter supplements because they are more potent than enzyme-rich foods. You can also take probiotics to try to shift your gut bacteria towards organisms that produce less gas. There are also foods rich in probiotics.
Sources
[1] http://healthyeating.sfgate.com/foods-containing-protease-10348.html
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylase#Fermentation
[3] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7865271
[4] http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/ss/slideshow-probiotics
[5] https://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/other/health-benefits-of-kimchi.html
]]>Hair loss can be more of a problem with age, but there are some things you can do to reduce hair loss. One herb that has been reported to be helpful for hair loss is fenugreek. Read more to learn about fenugreek and whether or not it is helpful for hair growth below.
Scientifically known as Trigonella foenum-graecum, fenugreek is an herb most prominently cultivated in India. Along with its use in cuisine as a condiment, fenugreek has seen use in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine as a treatment for skin diseases and a wide range of digestive ailments1
In modern practice, fenugreek is used topically to support wound healing and reducing eczema.2 Eczema is a skin problem caused by excess inflammation. Inflammation and irritation of the scalp can cause hair loss.
Fenugreek is also used as a supplement support healthy blood sugar and cholesterol levels. However, the most common use for it is to stimulate breastmilk production in mothers. This implies that fenugreek may modulate hormone levels. Having too much of a hormone called DHT leads to hair loss. Fenugreek could work for hair loss by blocking DHT.
Androgenic alopecia, better known as male or female pattern baldness, is rooted in excess DHT. DHT is similar in chemical structure to testosterone and can attach to the same receptors as testosterone. While normal levels of DHT are necessary to certain aspects of health, high levels can contribute hair loss. Excess DHT causes hair follicles to gradually shrink, which slowly lengthens the hair resting phase and shortens the active hair growth phase, resulting in pattern baldness.3
In one study, 60 healthy men were assigned to take either a 300 mg fenugreek capsule or an equivalent placebo twice per day. The men then participated in a four-day per week resistance training program for a period of eight weeks. Metrics included serum testosterone levels, muscle strength, body fat percentage, and markers for anabolic activity.
The results of the study found that fenugreek may have increased serum testosterone levels. What’s interesting here is the mechanism of action. The study found that fenugreek worked to increase testosterone in the subjects by inhibiting 5-alpha reductase. This is the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into DHT. By inhibiting the enzyme, fenugreek not only increases testosterone, but also potentially reduces the amount of serum DHT.4 This may reduce hair loss caused by androgenic alopecia.
Along with its potential effects on testosterone and DHT levels, fenugreek seeds are known to have powerful antioxidant properties. Antioxidants work by neutralizing free radicals, a product of oxidation. Free radicals can cause damage to cells and DNA, which can manifest in the form of inflammation. Studies have found that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of fenugreek significantly reduced symptoms of arthritis in rats. Inflammation in the scalp can potentially lead to irritation, dandruff, and hair loss.5
Most significantly, fenugreek seeds have been studied for their mucilage, or their gel-like, viscous content. The mucilage in fenugreek seeds has been studied for its emollient properties, meaning its ability to soothe and soften the skin. Topical use of fenugreek seed extracts is also believed to promote skin healing, provide moisture, and provide general support healthy skin. In a study, researchers compared the effects of fenugreek seed extract mixed with an emulsion to a placebo. Both formulations were applied to the cheeks of human volunteers for a period of six weeks. The results showed statistically significant changes to the sebum and pH, suggesting improvements in skin moisture and irritation.6
In terms of the scalp, these effects may contribute to reductions in symptoms of dandruff, particularly dry, irritated skin. While fenugreek seed extract applied topically may not be able to help with all forms of dandruff, the above study shows that it can effectively nourish skin and potentially reduce inflammation. Some clinical research also suggests that fenugreek possesses antifungal and antibacterial properties.7
Even without its mucilage, fenugreek may be beneficial for hair in its oil form. Fenugreek oil naturally offers moisturizing potential to soothe a dry, itchy, irritated scalp. This may help to reduce inflammation and dandruff. Its antifungal and antibacterial properties may also prevent overgrowths that can contribute to hair loss.8
Fenugreek oil is available premade, but it can also be made at home with just three tablespoons of dry fenugreek seeds steeped in six ounces of coconut oil.8 If you do purchase fenugreek oil, keep in mind that most have to be diluted in a neutral carrier oil (like coconut oil or almond oil) prior to use.
To use, gently massage the fenugreek oil into your scalp and hair. Leave in for thirty minutes to a full hour before rinsing out with water.
More research is necessary to determine the most optimal way of using fenugreek. Along with dietary supplements, fenugreek is available in topical forms. You can easily create a fenugreek hair mask to enrich your hair and scalp and support healthy hair growth using fenugreek seeds.
Fenugreek may be helpful for hair growth because of its anti-inflammatory and ability to block DHT. Fenugreek can be consumed orally or applied topically in mask or oil form.
Read next: How to Use Monistat for Hair Growth | 4 Simple Steps
Sources:
The novel coronavirus has spread to every continent excluding Antarctica. While face masks and social distancing measures have helped to slow the spread, more people all over the world are dying from the disease, and still more are catching the disease. As the world continues to react to the novel coronavirus pandemic, more people are looking to the horizon for a feasible coronavirus cure. Can COVID be cured? Read on to learn more.
At this point, there is no cure for the coronavirus. This means that, once you have the virus, the only cure lies within your body's immune system. The human immune system is surprisingly powerful and effective. It is tasked with differentiating between your own cells and foreign entities, like bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Your body depends on this response to fight off the coronavirus.
The body has to recognize and create antibodies against the coronavirus, which takes time. The fact that this is “novel” coronavirus refers to the fact that it is new and that no one has a natural immunity to it yet, which also makes it highly contagious. While the body tries to develop its own antibodies to fight off this virus, the virus replicates and damages cells in the respiratory tract and lungs.
Those with healthy immune systems can mount a response more quickly. For those without a compromised immune system, the current coronavirus treatment options revolve around simple remedies to maintain comfort while the immune system does its job. This usually involves:
Some cases of COVID-19 may progress to pneumonia, a lung infection causing inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs. These sacs may fill with fluid, making it difficult to breathe and manifesting in chest pain, fatigue, and chills. Serious cases where pneumonia inhibits breathing require mechanical ventilation with oxygen. Ventilators can introduce more air into the lungs via a mask or tube inserted directly into the windpipe.2 This supports your breathing while your body ramps up its defense against the virus.
Researchers are also working on a variety of experimental treatments with varying levels of success. Most of these agents work to lower the viral load, which allows your body more time to manage the infection naturally.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications that may also present antiviral properties. In vitro studies found that chloroquine effectively inhibited the growth of the novel coronavirus in lung cells.3
The anti-malarial has also been implemented in some treatment guidelines in China and Korea. In China, studies suggest that chloroquine phosphate may improve the success rate of treatment, improve patient outcomes, and shorten hospital stays for those with novel coronavirus pneumonia.4 Korean physicians have also determined similar treatment guidelines using chloroquine.5
A study from France similarly reported that combining chloroquine with azithromycin produced better outcomes than chloroquine taken alone. Although azithromycin is an antibiotic (and thus does not have an effect on viruses), it may help to combat bacterial infections occurring alongside the coronavirus infection.6
However, it is important to note that further studies are necessary, and that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine still remain experimental. The FDA currently limits usage to emergency situations involving hospitalized patients who can be monitored around the clock. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine come with some severe side effects, mainly heart issues. Along with potentially causing harm to yourself, taking these medications may also result in taking them away from those who actually have malaria.7
Remdesivir is an experimental antiviral drug that was originally tested on the Ebola virus, as well as MERS and SARS. This drug is believed to work by interfering with a virus’ replication ability, thereby inhibiting its growth. Remdesivir is currently undergoing clinical trials.8
Vaccines allow you to develop antibodies to the virus without actually exposing you to the virus. Researchers are currently working to find a vaccine or viable COVID-19 cure. However, the process of isolating the virus and developing a vaccine takes a great deal of time and, most importantly, testing. Without testing, there’s no way to know if the vaccine would work as intended to help your body develop the necessary immunities. In the worst case, untested medication could lead to illness or further public health issues. Experts suggest that it may take up to a year to develop a vaccine.1
Currently, the best treatment for the novel coronavirus is prevention. Many states have established stay-at-home orders to increase social distancing measures. If you do need to go out in public, keep a distance of at least six to ten feet from others.
Make sure you wear a mask when going out in public. Elastomeric respirators are the best, followed by N95, surgical style masks, and then by cloth masks. While going out, sanitize your hands after handling money, cell phones, shopping carts, gas pumps, and so forth.
Wash your hands as soon as you get back home and avoid touching your face unless you have just washed your hands.
With these tips, you can stay healthy and help flatten the curve.
Sources:
With the coronavirus pandemic continuing to spread globally and a viable treatment still in the research phase, hand sanitizers are in high demand with low supply.
Many retailers have put limits on the amount of hand sanitizer bottles that shoppers can buy, but demand still remains high, leaving some people turning to homemade solutions. While making your own hand sanitizer might seem like a good alternative, it may be more complicated than you think. Read on to learn how to make hand sanitizer at home with simple ingredients like aloe vera and witch hazel.
The main active component in hand sanitizer is alcohol. Alcohol effectively destroys the envelope protein surrounding coronaviruses. The envelope protein is a small protein membrane that essentially allows the virus to grow, spread, and survive. By destroying this membrane, hand sanitizers essentially kill the virus and render it ineffective.1
Hand sanitizers contain varying concentrations of alcohol. Concentrations as low as 30 percent have been found to possess some pathogen-killing ability, but most experts recommend concentrations of at least 60 percent to more effectively kill a broader variety of bacteria and viruses, including coronaviruses.2
How do you make a hand sanitizer? A quick search online will show you a countless number of DIY recipes for hand sanitizer. Most of these recipes for homemade hand sanitizer comprise two ingredients: 90% or 99% isopropyl alcohol and aloe vera gel.
Isopropyl alcohol, better known as simple rubbing alcohol, is the active ingredient in this formula that kills coronavirus cells on your hands, while the aloe vera gel prevents your hands from drying out.
Homemade recipes usually call for two-thirds of a cup of 90% isopropyl alcohol and one-third of a cup of aloe vera gel, netting you a concoction comprising about 60 percent alcohol. If you can only find 70% rubbing alcohol, you can only add about 1 part aloe vera to 10 parts rubbing alcohol to stay above 60% alcohol in your final mixture.
Beaker #1
Glycerin 2 grams
Gelling Agent 1.2 gram
Aloe Vera 1 gram
Witch Hazel 1 gram
Beaker #2
Alcohol Denatured 70% (ethanol) 86 grams
Distilled Water 8.8 grams
1. Add Gelling Agent to glycerin, witch hazel and aloe vera, mix well until the powder is properly wetted 2. Add water and half the alcohol and mix again very well. 3. Add remaining alcohol and mix blend well.
Some vendors are charging a premium for hand sanitizer at the moment. If you can find a source of rubbing alcohol you can make hand sanitizer yourself for a lower cost.
By making your own hand sanitizer, you can choose exactly how to store your hand sanitizer. Pumps left out in heat and sunlight will leak as the alcohol evaporates and pressurizes the container. Flip caps will pop open once alcohol evaporates and pressurizes your bottle. For these reasons we’ve chosen to use 2 oz bottles with locking “turret” style caps. These caps are resistant to leaking and 2 oz bottles can easily fit inside a pocket or purse for convenient use.
By making your own hand sanitizer, you know exactly what ingredients are in it. Some people with more sensitive skin can increase the amount of moisturizing ingredients to reduce dryness.
The problem is that it’s not that simple. There’s much more math and chemistry involved in store-bought, CDC-approved hand sanitizer. Homemade recipes do not take into account how the two ingredients actually interact with one another. The alcohol may become too diluted, reducing its virus-eliminating effect and making it essentially useless. Alternately, the alcohol may not be diluted enough, which can result in dry, cracked hands that may bleed, which only invites more discomfort and risk of infection.3
The goal is to create 60 percent alcohol. If you create a hand sanitizer with less alcohol it will not kill all bacteria and viruses.
Even if you do get something approaching the right ratio, you can easily contaminate your homemade hand sanitizer if you are not using clean tools and equipment you may risk contaminating your DIY hand sanitizer.3
With so many people learning how to make hand sanitizer at home, isopropyl alcohol has actually become harder to find, which has led to people turning to other commercial sources of alcohol. This includes drinking alcohol, particularly vodka, but most forms of drinking alcohol will not meet the alcohol percentage required to effectively eliminate the virus.4
Others have turned to denatured alcohol. While this does contain ethanol, it also has other ingredients depending on the formula. We utilize SDA 40B ethanol per FDA guidelines to make our hand sanitizer. This form of denatured ethanol is safe for use as hand sanitizer.
Some denatured ethanol formulas contain poisonous compounds such as methanol. Methanol is poisonous if ingested. Other denaturants can irritate your hands or cause some severe problems if absorbed into your skin.4
Along with regular handwashing, avoid touching your face if you haven’t just washed your hands. Your hands can be covered in bacteria and viruses. Touching your face introduces those microbes to your eyes, nose, and mouth, making it much easier for the microbes to spread into your own body.3
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While there is still no current cure for acne, a variety of serums and supplements are designed to reduce breakouts and maintain a clear complexion. Pantothenic acid has become an increasingly popular treatment for acne. Learn more about pantothenic acid and whether or not it works for acne below.
Also known as vitamin B5, pantothenic acid is an essential nutrient that can be obtained from a wide range of dietary sources. Pantothenic acid mainly plays a role in the synthesis of acyl carrier protein and coenzyme A (CoA). Both of these compounds are necessary for synthesizing fatty acids, though coenzyme A is also involved in the transfer of acetyl and acyl groups and various metabolic processes.1 Pantothenic acid also helps to maintain a healthy digestive tract, process other vitamins, and regulate cholesterol levels.2
Almost all plant- and animal-based foods contain some amount of pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid is readily available in nearly all foods. The richest sources of this vitamin include:
Pantothenic acid is also often added to some foods, including fortified breakfast cereals and beverages.1
The doses of pantothenic acid in food are less than the doses reported by users of pantothenic acid for acne.
The study above and most other studies on pantothenic acid supplementation report no adverse side effects. Pantothenic acid is water-soluble, meaning it dissolves in water, and excess amounts of the vitamin will generally exit the body via sweat and urine.
Some studies report diarrhea and mild gastrointestinal distress from taking high doses of pantothenic acid.6 Furthermore, some anecdotal accounts and product reviews report:
Studies have found that supplementing with pantothenic acid may reduce acne and promote clear skin. In one randomized, controlled, double-blind study, researchers evaluated the effects of 2,200 mg of pantothenic acid daily on 48 subjects diagnosed with mild to moderate forms of acne.
The subjects were either given 4 tablets daily of a dietary supplement containing 2,200 mg of pantothenic acid in total or a placebo for a period of 12 weeks. The primary metric was the difference in acne lesion counts between the two groups before and after the study period. Secondary metrics included average inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesion counts, as well as scores on the standardized Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
The results of the study found that the pantothenic acid group had a significantly reduced average lesion count compared to the placebo group. The pantothenic acid group also showed a significant reduction in inflammatory lesions, along with much lower DLQI scores. This suggests that using a pantothenic acid dietary supplement may effectively reduce acne lesions and inflammatory blemishes. Most importantly, pantothenic acid was found to be safe and well-tolerated by the participants.3
How does pentothenic acid help acne? Although the exact mechanism of action is not well understood, researchers do know that pantothenic acid is a precursor to coenzyme A. The production of coenzyme A from pantothenic acid also requires 3 molecules of ATP for energy.
This energy consumption may play a role in lipid metabolism and fatty acid regulation as users of high doses of pantothenic acid have reported a “drying out” of the skin and decreased sebum production.
Sebum is an oily substance secreted from the sebaceous glands. Excess sebum contributes to clogged pores and inflammation, contributing to the formation of acne lesions. As pantothenic acid and coenzyme A play roles in the metabolism of lipids, researchers hypothesize that increasing the consumption of pantothenic acid may allow for more efficient breakdown of sebum, which is composed primarily of lipids.4
Other studies have also found that deficiencies in pantothenic acid may contribute to the pathogenesis of acne.5
Pantothenic acid may also regulate functions within the epidermal barrier by the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes.3
The exact associations between pantothenic acid and acne vulgaris, as well as the potential mechanisms at play, still require further study.
The recommended daily intake for pantothenic acid is up to 5 mg for both men and women. Women who are breastfeeding are recommended to take up to 7 mg of pantothenic acid.1
Users of pantothenic acid for acne report that in order for it to be effective, high doses above 2,000 mg per day are required. The study referenced above in which pantothenic acid was found to be effective for acne compared a dose of 2,200 mg pantothenic acid per day to placebo.
Along with using pantothenic acid, you can support a clear complexion by:
Pantothenic acid offers just one extra tool in your acne-fighting arsenal. Ingredients like purified and concentrated fish oil, turmeric, DIM, zinc, and probiotics can also help. These ingredients have been combined into one easy-to-take packet in DrFormulas® Clear Skin Support packets. For extra support, consult your dermatologist to determine other effective treatment options that can help to clear up your acne.
Sources:
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring organic sulfur compound. Sulfur is an extremely important compound as it forms disulfide bridge “links” between hair and skin proteins. MSM is found in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Researchers have also found that MSM has unique antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory properties which may be helpful for inflammatory conditions such as hair loss.
Studies suggest that MSM supplements may also be helpful for various inflammatory disorders. This includes arthritis, joint pains, and acute exercise-induced inflammation.1
Inflammation is also a component in hair loss. Irritation of the scalp can cause itching, scratching, and further hair loss. Certain kinds of autoimmune such as alopecia areata or alopecia totalis hair loss also have a central inflammatory component. Reducing inflammation is central treatment of these hair loss conditions. Read on to learn how MSM may help hair growth.
MSM is known to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Inflammation in the scalp and hair follicles can potentially contribute to dandruff, itchiness, and other conditions that can result in hair loss or stunt hair growth. By reducing inflammation, MSM may soothe the scalp and support healthy hair.
MSM is essentially organic sulfur. Sulfur is also one of the most abundant components of keratin, the protein that makes up hair, nails, and epidermal tissue. MSM is a natural source of sulfur, and it is readily absorbed. This may encourage the formation of keratin and contribute to stronger hair.3
In a mouse study, researchers evaluated the effects of topical MSM for hair growth used in conjunction with magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. Researchers tested aqueous solutions of magnesium ascorbyl phosphate 7.5% with concentrations of MSM at 0%, 1%, 5%, or 10%. These solutions were applied to the shaved backs of male mice once per day for a total of 20 days. Results were based on visual scoring on a hair growth quantification scale, transdermal penetration, and intradermal retention studies performed in vitro.4
Results of the study showed that the group given the solution with a 10% concentration of MSM had increased hair growth that was comparable to a 5% minoxidil solution. Promotion of hair growth was found to be dependent on the MSM dosage in relation to the magnesium ascorbyl phosphate solution. Results also suggest that the presence of MSM increased the transdermal retention of the magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. This shows evidence that topical application of MSM and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate may help to promote hair growth and prevent hair loss.4
In another study, researchers evaluated the effects of a nutraceutical containing 400mg of MSM, 200mg of hyaluronic acid, and 500mg of L-carnosine on two groups of women affected by facial skin photoaging. Participants took a daily dose of the nutraceutical or a placebo.
Although the study mostly examined effects on facial tissue (the treatment group showed significant improvements in facial skin hydration and elasticity), the nutraceutical was also found to positively affect non-skin tissues, including hair. The subjects who had taken the nutraceutical reported notable improvements in their hair, including both appearance and texture, compared to the placebo group.
However, the study was unable to confirm if this was caused by MSM or a combination of all three compounds in the oral supplement.5 More research is necessary to full determine if MSM can support hair growth and the most optimal dosage.
As MSM supplementation is still undergoing research for its effects on hair growth, there are no official guidelines for recommended dosage. However, MSM is generally recognized as safe and is well-tolerated by most people at serving sizes of up to 4 grams orally per day. There are few known side effects, and those that are known are considered mild.6
MSM is readily available in the form of a pill or capsule taken orally, but it can also be found in the form of a powder that can be incorporated into shampoos, conditioners, and other hair care products. You can also find topical creams and serums that can be applied to the scalp to support hair growth and reduce thinning or balding hair.
Supplements can take much of the guesswork out of how much MSM you actually get every day, but the sulfur-rich compound is readily found in a wide range of foods. Whole grains and most fruits and vegetables contain some amount of MSM.7 MSM is also found in a variety of common beverages, including tea, coffee, beer, and milk7
The amount of MSM in these foods and beverages can be small, though its prevalence means that you can get a large cumulative amount of the compound through your basic diet. However, it should be noted that cooking and processing methods can decrease the amount of MSM in these foods. To optimize the amount of MSM, it’s recommended that you eat these foods raw or unprocessed.
As mentioned, a number of toxicity studies show that MSM is considered safe for use in oral doses up to 4,000 milligrams per day with few known side effects.6 Some mild side effects that are known include gastrointestinal problems and headaches.7
For topical applications, those with sensitive skin may experience mild irritation.6
MSM is best known as a source of structural sulfur for hair and skin but has an anti-inflammatory effects. Both of these properties are helpful for hair growth and there is evidence that MSM supports hair growth safely and with few known side effects.
For these reasons, DrFormulas® HairOmega® 3-in-1 contains both MSM and DHT blockers to support healthy hair growth. While MSM supplements are considered safe, consult your doctor to determine potential interactions with existing medications.
Read next: How to Use Monistat for Hair Growth | 4 Simple Steps
Sources:
Probiotic supplements are one of the best ways to replenish good gut bacteria and support a balanced microbiome. This can contribute to a variety of positive health effects, including improved digestion, optimized immune function, and less inflammation caused by bad bacteria.
However, for some people, probiotics require an adjustment period, during which they may experience some mild side effects. This can be discouraging, but before you stop taking your probiotics, read on to learn more about some of the common side effects of probiotics and how you can reduce or prevent them.
Read next: The Best Time to Take Probiotics to Avoid Side Effects
The most common negative side effect of probiotics is mild gas and bloating. This usually happens when you first begin taking probiotics but usually gets better with use.
What causes gas and bloating? Gas and bloating means that your digestive system is not breaking down and absorbing your food completely. The undigested food gets passed into the gut where probiotics and other gut microbes ferment the undigested food and produce gas.
The feeling of bloating is usually because your body is not used to the increased probiotic activity. Taking a probiotic can increase the number of probiotics inside your gut. This increased microbial activity produces additional gas which your body is not used to.
After the initial period (within the first few days of taking probiotics), your body should gradually adapt to the new friendly bacteria, allowing for improved digestion.
If your gas and bloating do not get better while taking probiotics there are two things you can do:
1. Try taking a digestive enzymes supplement along with your probiotics to help your body break down, digest, and absorb food. More complete digestion helps reduce gas and bloating.
2. Try taking the probiotics on an empty stomach before bed. Probiotics can produce gas when provided with certain kinds of foods and taking probiotics before bed minimizes the chance of that happening.
If you've tried switching to taking probiotics on an empty stomach before bed for longer than 2 weeks but are still getting gas and bloating, then the combination of probiotics that you're taking may not be right for you.
Probiotics typically reduce constipation. According to several studies, probiotics were found to increase the average number of weekly bowel movements by 1.3, and generally supported softer stools that were easier to pass. These studies found Bifidobacterium to be the most effective probiotic for supporting regular digestive health.5
Because constipation is not typical when taking probiotics, experiencing constipation with probiotics may be a sign that you do not have enough fiber or water in your diet. In these instances we recommend increasing consumption of fiber with your probiotics. You can also start taking prebiotic fiber with your probiotics. Be sure to select one that is organic and diverse so your probiotics can have good food to thrive.
Studies have shown how helpful probiotics can be for infectious diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and C diff diarrhea. However, they can cause diarrhea in some people.
This negative side effect should pass as your body gets fully adjusted to the new probiotics. In the long run, probiotics should not cause diarrhea. If you have diarrhea that lasts greater than 2 weeks while taking a probiotic then stop taking probiotics.
Headaches may be experienced when consuming probiotic-rich foods such as yogurt, kimchi, and sauerkraut. These foods may contain biogenic amines, which are substances that naturally form in any protein-based foods as they age or ferment.3
Common amines found in probiotic-rich foods include histamine, tyramine, and tryptamine.4 Studies suggest that some people may be sensitive to amines, which can stimulate the central nervous system and cause headaches.5
Fermented foods may have a lot of seasoning that causes dehydration and headaches. For example, kimchi can be high in sodium which contributes to headaches.
Most probiotic supplements should not have any headache-causing biogenic amines or salt.
Another possible side effect of taking probiotics is an allergic reaction. Humans can be allergic to just about anything, including milk which is often used in the probiotic production process.
The purification process used in the production of some probiotics such as Nexabiotic® Advanced should remove most of these allergens.
If you are lactose intolerant you should be able to tolerate the small amounts of milk in probiotics. Furthermore, probiotics themselves break down lactose. This is the reason why probiotic-loaded kefir yogurt is advertised as being lactose-free.
However, if you have developed an allergic reaction to milk ingredients that results in problems breathing then you should avoid probiotics.
Probiotic-rich foods and supplements are generally considered safe. Your body is already filled with trillions of diverse bacteria, so overdosing is rare assuming that your immune system is healthy and functioning as normal.8
That said, you can always have too much of a good thing. Taking too many probiotics can create an unstable intestinal environment, which may result in many of the gastrointestinal side effects mentioned above, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas, bloating, and nausea.12
If you accidentally overdose on probiotics you should not be concerned as your gut microbiome will quickly reach a new equilibrium after you stop taking probiotics. An effective probiotic dose is 10 billion CFUs. Stick to a daily dose around 10 billion CFUs and only increase if needed such as when you’re taking a course of antibiotics or have an underlying digestive issue.
People with Compromised Immune Systems
Although probiotics benefit the immune system, they can potentially pose a danger to people in the following circumstance:
1. If a person has a compromised immune systems
2. AND they have an open IV or central line
3. AND they are being administered probiotics in powder form.
Minor risks include having a central venous catheter, having an impaired intestinal barrier, cardiac valvular disease, and those simultaneously taking a broad spectrum antibiotic to which the probiotic is resistant, and taking probiotics via a jejestomy tube.
The authors of the review article recommended that probiotics be used with caution if there is one major risk and one minor risk.13
If you have a weakened immune system you should consult your physician before taking a probiotic supplement.
Most probiotic side effects are mild and should go away on their own as your body gets used to the replenished gut bacteria. However, you can take some simple steps to ease the adjustment and reduce the severity of any side effects.
Staying hydrated is always a good idea, but even more so if you are grappling with any side effects from probiotics, particularly constipation. Dehydration, even in its mildest forms, is one of main causes of constipation. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day can help to soften stools and stimulate bowel movements.
If you are experiencing diarrhea as a side effect, you are even more susceptible to dehydration. Drinking water will replenish your fluids and prevent more severe issues related to dehydration, including fatigue, dizziness, and confusion.
Taking probiotics immediately before bedtime on an empty stomach may help to reduce gas and bloating. Your gut is relatively inactive at night, but probiotics can produce gas when combined with certain foods. Taking food on an empty stomach ensures that the probiotics don’t have any obstacles in the way, which also allows more of the live bacteria to reach your large intestines.14
While probiotics replenish your gut bacteria populations, prebiotics feed existing gut bacteria, allowing them to multiply and grow on their own. Most prebiotics are composed of fiber, which is composed of plant material that cannot be absorbed or digested. Being undigestible is important as it ensures that the dietary fiber can reach the large intestines relatively intact to feed the bacteria there.
Dietary fiber has been studied for its wide range of health benefits, including its potential to reduce cholesterol, regulate blood sugar levels, and support a healthy heart. Dietary fiber is also essential for normalizing bowel movements. Fiber increases the size and weight of stools, allowing for a stool that is easier to pass. Dietary fiber may also help stools absorb more water and increase bulk, creating a more solid stool. This makes fiber an essential component for both constipation and diarrhea, as well as bowel health in general.
If you are experiencing constipation or diarrhea from probiotics, consider taking your probiotics with a prebiotic supplement, like DrFormulas® Organic Prebiotic Superfood.
Digestive enzymes break down food particles for optimal digestion and absorption. One of the main causes of gas and bloating is undigested or unabsorbed food reaching the gut bacteria. The gut bacteria feed on the partially digested food particles, releasing gas and causing bloating.
Certain foods are rich in digestive enzymes, including:
However, foods tend to contain fewer amounts of digestive enzymes than pills or supplements. Consider taking your probiotics with digestive enzyme supplements to reduce gas and bloating.
Taking probiotics can benefit nearly every aspect of your personal health and wellbeing. Most prominently, probiotics can support digestive health to reduce common gastrointestinal issues, including diarrhea, constipation, and excess gas and bloating.
Probiotics may also support general immune function and reduce inflammation. This reduced inflammation in the gut may also manifest as a reduction in stress and improvement in mood via the gut-brain axis. Reduced inflammation in the gut will mean reduced inflammation in the blood, brain, and on the skin.
Choosing the right probiotic supplement is the key to getting the best results. The three main things to look for include:
Although probiotics can come with some minor side effects, don’t get immediately discouraged. The potential benefits of probiotics can far outweigh the temporary side effects, and with some of the above steps, you can easily mitigate the side effects and support your comfort. If you are looking for an easy and convenient supplement to start, try DrFormulas® Nexabiotic® probiotic supplement. Consult your doctor if you experience side effects that last longer than a few weeks.
Read next: The Best Time to Take Probiotics to Avoid Side Effects
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Menopause is a natural process that refers to a decline in a woman’s reproductive hormones (estrogen and progesterone), resulting in a permanent stop to menstrual periods and ability to get pregnant. The transition period leading up to menopause is actually known as perimenopause. During perimenopause and after menopause, you may suffer a variety of symptoms due to the change in estrogen levels, but with the right steps and treatment, you can relieve symptoms and maintain your general comfort.1
Perimenopause can last from two to eight years. On average, perimenopause will last four years. You have officially reached menopause when you go a full 12 months without experiencing a menstrual period, including any spotting.2 Most women will begin perimenopause in their 40s or 50s. The average age of the beginning of perimenopause is 47, while the average age of menopause is 51.3
In the years leading into menopause, you may experience a variety of physical and emotional symptoms as your body attempts to cope with hormonal imbalances. Common symptoms of perimenopause include:
Irregular periods are also common. You may skip a month and have a period the next or even skip several months only for your periods to return to their normal monthly cycle for a few months. These periods may also occur in shorter cycles, meaning they will may be closer together. Specific symptoms and their severity can vary from woman to woman. While none of these symptoms are particularly life-threatening, they can disrupt your sleep, affect your emotional health, and reduce your general energy levels.4
Symptoms of perimenopause can persist even after reaching menopause. The two most common symptoms are hot flashes and vaginal dryness, both of which result from a lack of estrogen. Most women should stop having hot flashes within five years of their last menstrual period. However, some studies have found that over a third of post-menopausal women still experienced moderate to severe hot flashes for at least 10 years. Women who had hot flashes as they began perimenopause were shown to experience them for an average of 11.6 years.5
Hot flashes are one of the most common symptoms in women experiencing menopause. Up to 80 percent of menopausal women experience hot flashes. Hot flashes are characterized by sudden intense sensations of heat in face, chest, and head. This can result in flushing, sweating, and chills. When this occurs while you sleep, you may sweat profusely, resulting in night sweats. This can make sleeping difficult and ultimately take a toll on your health and quality of life.18
Unfortunately, the exact length of hot flashes will vary from woman to woman. While doctors used to say that hot flashes could last anywhere from six to 24 months, women may more realistically deal with long-term hot flashes for upwards of nine to ten years on average. As mentioned, women who had their first hot flashes prior to the end of their last menstrual periods experienced hot flashes for an average of 11.6 years. Women who had their first hot flashes after their last menstrual period experienced long-term hot flashes for about three and a half years on average, which is still a considerably long period of time.18
Studies also show that those who experienced hot flashes for a longer term also tended to:
However, even with that knowledge, actually predicting the length of your hot flashes is not wholly possible due to all the factors involved. The good news is that you can reduce the severity of your hot flashes and night sweats with some help from your doctor and natural remedies.
Unlike other symptoms, vaginal dryness, which may also be accompanied by vaginal itchiness and burning, tends to worsen with age. Less than 30 percent of women experience vaginal dryness during perimenopause or even early menopause. However, about half of women report vaginal dryness as they age and reach later stages of postmenopause.4
Natural remedies that boost libido as well as personal lubricants will help with vaginal dryness and libido problems during menopause.
Other symptoms, including sleep disruptions, fluctuating mood, cognitive changes, and pain in the joints and muscles, may continue throughout postmenopause. However, these symptoms may also be attributed to the natural aging process as opposed to reduced estrogen levels.4
Gaining weight during menopause is common in most women. Part of this comes from the hormonal changes. Prior to menopause, women tend to collect weight in their hips and thighs, which is known as a gynoid fat distribution. During menopause, weight begins to distribute more around the stomach, a pattern that is more common in men and is known as android fat distribution.19
However, weight gain during menopause can also come from the natural effects of aging. As you age, your body tends to naturally lose muscle mass while more easily gaining fat. Less muscle in your system slows down your metabolism, making it harder for you to use up calories while making it easier for you to gain weight. If you still eat the same way without increasing your physical activity, you will eventually put on more pounds.20
Along with hormonal changes and the effects of aging, menopausal weight gain can be further exacerbated by lifestyle factors, including:
The good news: menopausal weight gain is not something that needs to last forever. While there may be certain things out of your control (like your changes to your hormonal balance), there are other things in your lifestyle that you can adjust to regulate your weight. Much of this comes down to the oft-repeated advice of exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet that is low in processed foods and added sugars and high in fruits and vegetables. Along with your diet and exercise, make sure to address any sleep issues and learn constructive means of dealing with constant stress.
Hormone replacement therapy involves using medication that contains female hormones to replace those that your body has stopped creating due to menopause. Hormone replacement therapy has been shown to effectively reduce common menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes and vaginal dryness and discomfort.7
Hormone replacement therapy comes in two basic forms. Estrogen-only therapy (ET) provides the most relief for menopausal symptoms and is usually prescribed for women who have undergone a hysterectomy. If you still have your uterus, your doctor will likely prescribe EPT, or combined estrogen plus progesterone therapy. Estrogen alone that is not balanced out by progesterone can stimulate the growth of tissue on your uterine lining, potentially increasing the risk of uterine cancer.8
Hormone replacement therapy also comes in the form of systemic therapy and low-dose vaginal products. Systemic hormone therapy often comes in the form of pills gels, creams, patches, and sprays and can help with hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal symptoms. Some studies also suggest that systemic therapy may protect against heart disease and osteoporosis and support general bone health.7
Low-dose vaginal products appear as creams, tablets, and ring form. These are more effective in helping vaginal symptoms and urinary issues while minimizing absorption of estrogen into the body. However, low-dose vaginal products are less effective in helping night sweats, hot flashes, or bone loss.7
Talk to your doctor if you are interested in hormone replacement therapy. Your doctor will evaluate your health and weigh out the potential benefits and risks involved with taking HRT to determine the best form and preparation for your needs.
If you are suffering from symptoms of menopause or perimenopause but do not want to go the route of pharmaceutical treatments, you may find relief in several herbal remedies that we will summarize here.
Ever wondering why is my urine cloudy? If it's just happening once and goes away it isn't too concerning. However, if it's persistently cloudy you should pay close attention to it because your body may be trying to send you a message about your health. Read more to learn the possible reasons for cloudy urine and the treatment options.
If you are experiencing any of your symptoms along with your cloudy urine you should see a doctor for proper diagnosis, testing, and treatment.
When a person walks into the doctor's office complaining of cloudy urine, the first thing that a doctor is concerned with is a urinary tract infection (UTI). These refer to infections in any part of your urinary tract. Most UTIs affect the lower urinary tract which consist of the bladder and urethra. Women are generally more prone to urinary tract infections due to their anatomy. Women tend to have shorter urethras than men, making it easier for bacteria to travel to the bladder. Common symptoms of a UTI include:
Cloudy white urine is a common sign of a urinary tract infection, which may also cause a bad smell. Milky urine may also be caused by bacteria, crystals, fat, white or red blood cells, or mucus in the urine. Urine may also appear red, pink, or light brown, which usually suggests blood in the urine.12
Along with the general pain and discomfort, urinary tract infections can result in some serious problems, including permanent kidney damage and sepsis. A high fever, nausea, and pain in your upper back and sides is a sign that the infection has spread up to the kidneys.12 See a doctor immediately if you suspect you have a UTI.
Normal urine is clear and has a pale yellow color. If there is cloudy urine with no pain this may be a case of mild dehydration. Young children and the elderly are particularly at risk. Hot weather, intensive exercise, vomiting, diarrhea and fever will also put you at risk.
How much water a day should you drink? The daily 8 cups a day rule is for average healthy people. In general, how much water per day you need depends on the individual. To keep things simple follow these guidelines:
People with diagnosed or not diagnosed diabetes can experience cloudy urine. This is because the kidneys have to process excess sugar in the blood which can cause dehydration. Kidneys damaged with diabetes can also hinder the kidney from filtering urine. If you have cloudy urine and are diabetic, discussing your symptoms with doctor is a good idea.
Some STIs will cause body inflammation resulting in excess white blood cells that will cause cloudy urine. Other STIs increase vaginal discharge that will contaminate your urine making it cloudy.
Some other symptoms with STIs include:
Thrush, a type of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, is not classified as an STI, but it can potentially be triggered or transmitted through sex. While it most often affects the oral cavity, thrush may also affect the armpits, groin, genitals, and the areas between the fingers.
Vaginal thrush, also known as vaginal candidiasis, is one of the most common yeast infections. Along with stinging or burning when urinating, vaginal thrush can cause a thick, white discharge that smells yeasty and appears like cottage cheese. Some of this discharge can mix with your urine and potentially cause it to appear cloudy.11
Cloudy urine in itself is not a sign of thrush or a sexually transmitted infection. If you suspect that you have a STI it is important to abstain from intercourse and consult your doctor.
Kidney stones release a high level of minerals in the urine which cause cloudiness. Many people with kidney stones will have back or side pain, fever, bloody urine, cloudy smelly urine, and burning urination.
Staying hydrated is important in trying to pass smaller stones. If the stones are too big, surgical procedures are available.
An inflamed or infected prostate causes an increase of white blood cells, formation of pus, and discharge. These all can cloud urine.
Vaginitis occurs when your vagina is infected by an organism. Common conditions are yeast infection, trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis. The excess white blood cells and discharge can cloudy your urine.
Cloudy, smelly urine may be due to diet. If your urine smells different than usual, it’s not necessarily a bad sign. Sometimes it can be caused by the food you eat. In some people eating asparagus will lead to the production of urine that smells like asparagus. If you’re dehydrated your body will produce a darker, more pungent urine in order to conserve water.
What you eat and drink can also cause cloudy urine. Meals high in calcium phosphate (milk), phosphorus (meats and dairy), and vitamin D can cloud urine.
Sometimes the food you eat can change the color of your urine and the results may appear alarming if you don’t know the cause.
There are a number of over-the-counter and prescription medications that can affect the appearance of your urine. For example:
The fluctuating hormones and bodily changes during pregnancy can naturally lead to changes in urine. One of the most prominent changes is an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), a hormone that nourishes the fertilized egg after it is implanted in the uterine wall. Home pregnancy tests usually measure for high levels of HCG.10 However, this hormone generally does not affect the urine’s color or consistency.
That said, pregnant women are more prone to urinary tract infections, which can cause urine to appear cloudy. Consult your doctor if you notice cloudy urine during your pregnancy.
As urine can reflect your internal health, drastic changes to your urine’s color can be alarming. However, some shades of urine may be caused by food or medication you are taking and shouldn’t be cause for alarm.13 Some stranger urine colors you may experience include:
While dark cloudy urine may appear more alarming, it is almost always a sign of dehydration. Make sure you are taking in enough fluids throughout the day, especially if you are older, more active, and/or live in a hotter climate. White cloudy urine is usually caused by any of the factors discussed above.
The following lifestyle changes can help improve your urinary health.
Drinking plenty of fluids every day is important if you want to keep your urine clear. It will also help you flush your urinary tract more often and lower the chances of developing a Urinary Tract Infection. We recommend drinking enough water so that you are urinating once or twice every 2 hours. This amount differs for everybody because people that work out or sweat more will require more water.
Because women are more prone to UTIs, practicing good toilet hygiene is essential. Women should always wipe from front to back to prevent the movement of bacteria towards the urinary tract.
Both chlamydia and gonorrhea are spread through semen, vaginal fluids, and other sexual fluids, meaning that they can easily be prevented by practicing safe sex. Always use a condom or dental dam when having sex, especially with new partners. You should also consider using lubrication when having intercourse, which can prevent irritation and the formation of microscopic tears in your skin that make it easier for bacteria to infect your body.
Because gonorrhea, chlamydia, and other sexually transmitted infections don’t often exhibit any symptoms, make sure to get tested for STDs regularly if you are sexually active with multiple partners. This not only helps you diagnose and treat any potential STIs you have, but also ensures that you don’t spread the infection to your sexual partners. Most STIs (including chlamydia and gonorrhea) are easy to treat and cure with a round of antibiotics.
You can actually reduce the risk of contracting a UTI by creating an environment that is inhospitable to UTI-causing E. coli bacteria. Cranberry binds to receptors on bacteria’s surface, preventing them from attaching to the urinary tract so that it can be flushed from your body.2 Cranberry can be obtained from concentrated fruit juice or supplements. Cranberry supplements are more concentrated than juice and do not have the added sugar that cranberry juice does.
D-mannose is a nutritional supplement which has been found to be effective for preventing reoccurring UTIs.3 D-mannose is a simple sugar that is poorly absorbed by the body and is partially excreted in urine. D-mannose works similarly to cranberry in that it helps prevent E. coli bacteria from sticking to the walls of your urinary tract. A study in Brazil found that a 2g daily dose was more effective than the antibiotic nitrofurantoin in preventing reoccurring UTIs.4
A woman’s vagina contains natural bacteria probiotics that help protect against infection. If the balance of these probiotics is upset, it can make a woman more prone to yeast infections, Bacterial vaginosis, and UTIs. The probiotics that normally reside in the vagina can be disrupted through antibiotic use and the act of douching.
To maintain healthy vaginal flora, consuming Lactobacillus probiotic bacteria found in yogurt, kefir, or concentrated probiotic supplements for women, can promote healthy vaginal flora and reduce the growth of bad bacteria that can cause UTIs, yeast infections, and bacterial vaginosis.
Cloudy urine and other changes to the color and consistency of urine can be alarming, and you should consult your doctor if you do experience irregular urine. However, with some lifestyle changes like avoiding wiping from back to front and cranberry, D-mannose, and probiotic supplements to inhibit bad bacteria from occupying the urogenital tract, you can maintain your urinary health and reduce your chance of cloudy urine for good.
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Most people will fail conventional weight loss methods and some of those who do turn to dietary supplements and herbal medicines for help. One of these alternative remedies is forskolin extract. This article will dig deeper into forskolin and the science behind its relationship to weight loss.
Forskolin extract comes from the roots of the Indian coleus, a plant in the mint family. It has an extensive history of usage in traditional Ayurvedic and herbal medicines.1
Forskolin extract has been used for a variety of medical and health applications. The extract has a long historical use as a treatment for asthma symptoms, which some research supports. Forskolin may work to boost levels of cyclic AMP, which helps to relax muscles in bronchial tubes to ease breathing. Forskolin may also help to relieve pressure in the eyes, which can help to reduce symptoms of glaucoma. The extract has also been studied for its potential to support heart health, particularly in patients with cardiomyopathy (an enlarged heart).2
1. Respiratory Health
2. Eye Health
3. Heart Health
Some studies suggest that forskolin stimulates the release of stored fat from fat cells.3
1. Suppress appetite
2. Reducing efficiency of digestion
3. Increase metabolic rate or fat burning
Although there has yet to be substantial evidence that forskolin can do the aforementioned things, two small studies have shown that forskolin may promote fat loss
The largest study has 30 overweight and obese men, who were then randomly assigned to two groups:
Compared to the placebo group, men who took forskolin lost significantly more fat, but total body weight did not change
Additionally, there was a significant increase in free testosterone in the forskolin group. Testosterone can stimulate the release of fat from fat cells, which may partly explain the fat loss observed in the study
The exact mechanisms of forskolin’s potential to reduce weight still require further study, but the extract may work as an effective appetite suppressant.
In the other study, 23 overweight women received the same dose of Coleus forskohlii (500 mg/day) for 12 weeks.
In contrast to the previous study, forskolin supplementation did not have any significant effects on fat loss. However, the results showed a significant decrease in feelings of fullness for the forskolin extract group from week 0 to week 12. The results also showed less enjoyment in eating over time, suggesting less total food consumed. No adverse effects were reported. This suggests that forskolin may help to mitigate weight gain among overweight women.4
All that being said, the current evidence is not strong enough to make any recommendations. More research is needed.
Theoretically, forskolin aids in weight loss by helping create enzymes called lipase and adenylate cyclase. These two enzymes free fatty acids from the body’s cells. When the fatty acids are free, they can be burned as fuel. However, a person must burn more calories than they take in through food and drink. If this fails to happen, a person will not lose weight.
While forskolin may raise fat burning capabilities, this is irrelevant without a nutritious diet and exercise to support the calorie deficit.
If you want to lose weight safely, it is recommended to improve your diet (making sure you’re eating lean protein, whole grains, veggies, and fruit) and work out at least 2 1/2 hours each week. It's also important to regularly get a good night’s sleep, work to reduce your stress levels, and make sure none of the medication you’re currently taking can lead to weight gain.
You may want to consider supplementing with DrFormulas® Saffron Extract or incorporating saffron into your teas or meals.
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Castor oil is a type of vegetable oil that is extracted from the seeds (known as castor beans) of the Ricinus communis plant. Learn more about castor oil and how to use castor oil for hair growth below.
Is castor oil good for hair growth? There is generally a lack of research, but existing studies suggest that it is possible. The main active ingredient in castor oil is ricinoleic acid, which is a type of fatty acid like omega-3s. Ricinoleic acid has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties.5 That suggests that castor oil may help to reduce inflammation when applied to the scalp.
Castor oil is also a natural lubricant and moisturizer. Applying it to the scalp may help to prevent dandruff and dry skin while providing protection from breakage and dry ends.6 Studies also show that castor oil may help to improve the luster of hair, which may improve the look and aesthetic of hair.7
The best castor oil for hair growth is organically sourced and cold-pressed. Proponents believe that the cold-pressed process yields an oil that is of higher quality and more nutrient dense.6
In terms of specific type, supporters generally recommend Jamaican black castor oil for hair growth, especially for people with thick, coarse, or dry hair. The research is lacking, but anecdotal evidence suggests that regular use of Jamaican black castor oil resulted in hair regrowth in people experiencing thinning hair along the nape and hairline.4
Considering the types of ingredients used, it’s a good idea to read labels as well as castor oil for hair growth reviews. Avoid products containing strong, artificial fragrances and preservatives.
1. Add 1/2 cup of castor oil to a pan.
2. Add 1/2 cup of aloe vera gel to the same pan.
3. Add 1-2 tablespoons of honey to the mixture.
4. Mix the mixture under low heat and add 2 cups of water.
5. Boil on low heat for 3 minutes.
6. Pour the mixture into a spray bottle and wait until it cools down. Keep mixture in the fridge.
7. Shake bottle before spraying into scalp. Spray the solution close to hair roots.
8. Leave the oil on for 30 minutes to three hours before washing your hair.
9. Blow dry clean hair.
As castor oil is thicker and heavier than other forms of oil, it is recommended to dilute it with another plant-derived oil, like jojoba, argan, or coconut oil, and with a small amount of water. This can also help to tone down the smell of castor oil, but you can also include a drop of your favorite essential oil in the mix.
From there, rub the mixture into your scalp. A little bit of oil can go a long way. Work the oil from the scalp into the ends of your hair, which may protect against breakage and improve texture while providing a noticeable shine.
Cover your hair with a shower cap followed by a warm towel. This locks the oil in while preventing it from dripping onto your clothes. Leave the oil in for 30 minutes to three hours before washing your hair as normal.8
You may be wondering, “How often should I use castor oil for hair growth?”. The answer varies, but most expert recommend limiting it to just once or twice per week. Doing it too often can cause buildup, contribute to matting, and create an oily scalp.6
#1 grade castor oil, alternately known as first special grade (FSG) castor oil, is a technical grade of the oil used for industrial purposes. This type of castor oil is made by refining commercial grade castor oil and putting it through a bleaching and filtering process. FSG castor oil has a variety of applications, from coatings for vitamin supplements to the manufacture of polyurethane casting resins.1
Sulfated castor oil, sometimes referred to as Turkey Red castor oil, is a chemical combination of castor oil and sulfuric acid. This allows for an oil that is completely water soluble, meaning that it can easily disperse in water. It is commonly added to soaps, lotions, and bath products.2
Hydrogenated castor oil is castor oil that has been treated with hydrogen. This makes the oil more stable while raising its melting point, which allows it to stay solid at room temperature. This is also why hydrogenated castor oil is sometimes referred to as castor wax. Thanks to its hard, waxy consistency, hydrogenated castor oil is commonly used in polishes and deodorants.3
Derived from Jamaican castor beans, Jamaican black castor oil is unique partly for its characteristically deep amber color, compared to the pale yellow or colorless pharmacy-grade castor oil. This comes as a result of the castor beans’ roasting process. Jamaican black castor oil also tends to be thicker in consistency than plan castor oil.4